First, fertilization period
Different fertilizers have different periods of application. General requirements: Basal fertilizers should be applied early and fertilizers must be applied in a timely manner to fully meet the actual needs of fruit trees.
1. Basal fertilizer is usually applied in the early autumn, when the positive peak of the 2nd growth peak of the fruit tree roots, the root breakage is easy to heal, and the photosynthesis of fruit trees after fruit removal to the leaves is ensured, and the nutrients are stored in the tree body. To enrich flower buds is not conducive to wintering, and lays a foundation for the bumper harvest of fruit trees next year.
2. The application time of topdressing is divided into several times depending on the characteristics of the apple tree age and the phenophase requirement fertilizer. The early fruit period is applied before flowering and before the flower bud differentiation. The fruit period is due to the result of top dressing. After fruit set and fruit expansion, the young tree focuses on flowering before flowering and before flower bud differentiation. Top dressing is concentrated in 2 to 3 times a year. The role of topdressing in different periods: 1 Sprouting and pre-flowering, the topdressing at this time can relieve the competition between germination and flowering on fertilizers; 2 After flowering and flower bud differentiation, it can increase the fruit setting rate and promote the growth of branches and leaves; 3 The period of young fruit expansion Topdressing can promote fruit enlargement and reduce physiological fruit drop.
Second, fertilizer sites and methods
The capillary roots in the root system are the main organs for nutrient absorption in fruit trees. Therefore, the best site for fertilization is the area where the distribution of capillary roots is concentrated. The roots of pod trees are distributed in depths of 20 to 60 cm. The fertilization method differs depending on the type of fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is combined with the cover soil in autumn, the base groove is dug and the groove is filled when the soil is excavated in the second year, which can save labor. Dressing can be applied with acupuncture or shallow ditch. Acupoint application: dig 6 to 10 deep 40 to 50 centimeter fertilization points in the fruit tray under the tree, mix the top dressing with the topsoil, and cover the soil to fill in the flat; the shallow groove method will dug about 10 centimeters in the ring or semicircle Ditch, spread the fertilizer into the ditch, when the volume is large, mix well with the topsoil to prevent burning roots.
Third, the amount of fertilizer
The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the age, tree vigor, load, and soil conditions of the fruit tree. The determination of the amount of basal fertilizer: Under normal circumstances, 2-3 tons of mature organic fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters of saplings each year, and the result period gradually increases. It is better to reach the kiwifruit or half a kg of kiwifruit in the fruit period. Topdressing pays attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Young trees are mainly nitrogen fertilizers, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied in appropriate amounts. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added during the results. The soil in Xinjiang is rich in potassium, and potassium fertilizer can be used less or not. Saplings applied 600 to 1000 grams of topdressing fertilizer. During the fruiting period, the production of 100 kilograms of fruit required 350 to 550 grams of pure nitrogen, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was 2:1:2.
IV. Management after fertilization
After fertilization, fertilization has a greater impact on fertilizer efficiency sooner or later. After fertilization, there is timely irrigation and delayed irrigation. The ammonia nitrogen fertilizer has a faster volatilization rate, and a large number of microorganisms in the farmyard fertilizer require water. The two fertilizers are timely watered after fertilization. The amide nitrogen in urea can not be used by fruit trees and must be transformed before it can be absorbed. Therefore, after application of urea, irrigation should be delayed for 5 to 7 days.
Fifth, apply corrupt farm manure
Most of the basal fertilizers are farmyard fertilizers. The nutrients in the farmyard fertilizers are in the form of complex organic matter and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. The farmyard manure must be fully fermented and decomposed to produce various effective nutrients for the fruit trees to absorb and use. High temperatures are produced during the fermentation process, killing weed seeds, parasites and eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in livestock manure. Application of fruit trees without adequate fermentation and maturation can easily lead to various germs and cause burning of roots during natural fermentation.
Different fertilizers have different periods of application. General requirements: Basal fertilizers should be applied early and fertilizers must be applied in a timely manner to fully meet the actual needs of fruit trees.
1. Basal fertilizer is usually applied in the early autumn, when the positive peak of the 2nd growth peak of the fruit tree roots, the root breakage is easy to heal, and the photosynthesis of fruit trees after fruit removal to the leaves is ensured, and the nutrients are stored in the tree body. To enrich flower buds is not conducive to wintering, and lays a foundation for the bumper harvest of fruit trees next year.
2. The application time of topdressing is divided into several times depending on the characteristics of the apple tree age and the phenophase requirement fertilizer. The early fruit period is applied before flowering and before the flower bud differentiation. The fruit period is due to the result of top dressing. After fruit set and fruit expansion, the young tree focuses on flowering before flowering and before flower bud differentiation. Top dressing is concentrated in 2 to 3 times a year. The role of topdressing in different periods: 1 Sprouting and pre-flowering, the topdressing at this time can relieve the competition between germination and flowering on fertilizers; 2 After flowering and flower bud differentiation, it can increase the fruit setting rate and promote the growth of branches and leaves; 3 The period of young fruit expansion Topdressing can promote fruit enlargement and reduce physiological fruit drop.
Second, fertilizer sites and methods
The capillary roots in the root system are the main organs for nutrient absorption in fruit trees. Therefore, the best site for fertilization is the area where the distribution of capillary roots is concentrated. The roots of pod trees are distributed in depths of 20 to 60 cm. The fertilization method differs depending on the type of fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is combined with the cover soil in autumn, the base groove is dug and the groove is filled when the soil is excavated in the second year, which can save labor. Dressing can be applied with acupuncture or shallow ditch. Acupoint application: dig 6 to 10 deep 40 to 50 centimeter fertilization points in the fruit tray under the tree, mix the top dressing with the topsoil, and cover the soil to fill in the flat; the shallow groove method will dug about 10 centimeters in the ring or semicircle Ditch, spread the fertilizer into the ditch, when the volume is large, mix well with the topsoil to prevent burning roots.
Third, the amount of fertilizer
The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the age, tree vigor, load, and soil conditions of the fruit tree. The determination of the amount of basal fertilizer: Under normal circumstances, 2-3 tons of mature organic fertilizer is applied to 667 square meters of saplings each year, and the result period gradually increases. It is better to reach the kiwifruit or half a kg of kiwifruit in the fruit period. Topdressing pays attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Young trees are mainly nitrogen fertilizers, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied in appropriate amounts. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added during the results. The soil in Xinjiang is rich in potassium, and potassium fertilizer can be used less or not. Saplings applied 600 to 1000 grams of topdressing fertilizer. During the fruiting period, the production of 100 kilograms of fruit required 350 to 550 grams of pure nitrogen, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was 2:1:2.
IV. Management after fertilization
After fertilization, fertilization has a greater impact on fertilizer efficiency sooner or later. After fertilization, there is timely irrigation and delayed irrigation. The ammonia nitrogen fertilizer has a faster volatilization rate, and a large number of microorganisms in the farmyard fertilizer require water. The two fertilizers are timely watered after fertilization. The amide nitrogen in urea can not be used by fruit trees and must be transformed before it can be absorbed. Therefore, after application of urea, irrigation should be delayed for 5 to 7 days.
Fifth, apply corrupt farm manure
Most of the basal fertilizers are farmyard fertilizers. The nutrients in the farmyard fertilizers are in the form of complex organic matter and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by fruit trees. The farmyard manure must be fully fermented and decomposed to produce various effective nutrients for the fruit trees to absorb and use. High temperatures are produced during the fermentation process, killing weed seeds, parasites and eggs and pathogenic microorganisms in livestock manure. Application of fruit trees without adequate fermentation and maturation can easily lead to various germs and cause burning of roots during natural fermentation.
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