Beef cattle are mainly based on roughage, but roughage can not meet their nutritional needs, need to feed concentrate feed. The comprehensive nutrition of concentrate feed directly affects the growth and development of beef cattle. Here are some things to keep in mind when preparing beef concentrates:
Formulation of concentrate feed
Concentrates include energy feeds, protein feeds, mineral feeds, trace (constant) elements, and vitamins.
Energy feed is mainly corn, sorghum, barley, etc., accounting for about 60% to 70% of concentrate feed.
Protein feeds mainly include soybean cakes (cakes), cotton cakes (粕), peanut cakes, etc., accounting for about 20% to 25% of concentrated feed. The fat-producing beef cattle protein feed in cotton-producing areas should be dominated by cottonseed cakes (cockroaches) to reduce the cost of feeds. Yak feeds and young cattle fattenings can be added with 5% to 10% soybean cakes. Small cotton cakes produced by small workshops cannot feed cattle to prevent gossypol poisoning. The maximum daily feed amount of cottonseed cake (bread), bean cake (bread) and peanut cake should not exceed 3 kg.
Mineral feeds include bone meal, salt, baking soda, trace (constant) elements, and vitamin additives, which typically account for 3% to 5% of the amount of concentrate. The amount of young cattle fattening bone meal accounts for about 2% of the amount of refined feed, and shelf-fat fattening accounts for 0.5% to 1%. The amount of salt added in winter, spring and autumn diets accounts for 0.5% to 0.8% of the amount of concentrate, and the amount added in summer accounts for 1% to 1.2% of the amount of concentrate feed. When using distiller's grains as the main roughage feed, baking soda should be added, and the added amount accounts for 1% of the amount of concentrated feed. When other roughage feeds cattle, 0.3% to 0.5% of the amount of concentrate feed can be added in summer.
Trace (constant) elements and vitamin additives are generally not prepared by themselves. They need to be purchased from a regular manufacturer. They should be used within the specified period according to the instructions. It is forbidden to use “three nos†products.
Precautions for preparation of concentrate feed
It is forbidden to add additives, sex hormones, protein assimilation hormones, psychotropic drugs, antibiotic filter residue and other drugs that are not allowed to be used by the State. The additives and drugs allowed by the country must be added in strict accordance with regulations. Do not use meat and bone meal. The moisture content in the feed must not exceed 14%.
Granulated feed for fattening cattle
Mixing fine and rough feeds in proportions to produce whole-grain granules for feeding fattened cattle can increase weight gain, reduce feed wastage, significantly shorten the feeding time of experimental cattle, shorten labor time and labor intensity of workers, and increase labor quotas. Reduce the cost by a small margin. Reference formula: cornmeal 47.5%, bran 5%, cottonseed cake 10%, additive 1%, salt 0.5%, bone meal 1%, wheat straw powder or grass powder 35%.
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