Early pregnancy is the main period of fetal cell differentiation and the formation of human organs, and it is also the period of adaptive physiological changes in the mother. Nutritional guidelines and dietary considerations in early pregnancy have become a top priority for expectant mothers. Mothers need to eat a balanced diet, choose a variety of natural and healthy foods, try to eat less processed foods, pay attention to light and easy to digest, is the most important principle of early pregnancy diet.
The importance of early pregnancy dietary care
Women's gestation period is a special physiological period that needs to be strengthened because all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of the fetus are from the mother. The pregnant women themselves need to store nutrients for the delivery and secretion of milk. Therefore, to ensure that the nutritional status of pregnant women during pregnancy is normal for the pregnancy process and The development of the fetus and infant has a very important role.
Physiological characteristics of women during pregnancy:
1, metabolic changes
Maternal anabolic activity during pregnancy has been enhanced under the influence of hormones, and the basal metabolic rate has also increased. The demand for various nutrients has increased, the demand for fat and protein has increased, in addition to the need for fetal growth and development, but also for the period of childbirth Prepare for consumption.
2, the digestive system
Hormone changes lead to smooth muscle relaxation, reduced secretion of digestive fluids, and slow gastrointestinal motility, often accompanied by bloating and constipation. In early pregnancy, nausea, vomiting and other pregnancy reactions can cause a reduction in the absorption of various nutrients.
3, blood system
Normal non-pregnant women have a plasma capacity of approximately 2600 ml, and pregnant women approximately 50%, ie, approximately 1000 ml of body water, and an average increase of 20% in the number of red blood cells. This is because the increase in the number of red blood cells does not have a large increase in blood volume, so the blood is relatively diluted. Decreased hemoglobin concentration may cause physiological anemia. During pregnancy, the level of glucose, most of the amino acids and various nutrients in the mother's body will be substantially reduced. It may be related to the transfer of nutrients to the placenta. The placenta has the role of a valve, so that once the nutrients are delivered to the fetal tissue, they cannot be penetrated by the placenta. . For example, water-soluble vitamins can be actively transported to the fetus and the maternal blood content is low. Take folic acid as an example. With folic acid depletion of the mother's blood, the level of folic acid in the fetal blood is maintained at a normal level. At this time, the mother's body may be seriously deficient in folic acid. And quickly lead to anemia; fat-soluble vitamins can only partially pass through the placenta, so pregnant women have high levels of blood.
4, kidney function
Pregnancy requires the discharge of maternal and fetal metabolic waste, and the burden on the kidney becomes worse. Renal blood volume and glomerular filtration rate increased, but renal tubular reabsorption rate did not increase significantly, resulting in increased urinary glucose, amino acids, water-soluble vitamins.
5, weight change
The average weight gain of healthy pregnant women who did not limit eating was 12.5kg, and the rate of delivery was 0.9kg lower than the average. The increased body weight is mainly due to the weight of the mother's son, breast and reserves of fat and protein, and the developing fetus. Normal weight women increase 0.4kg per week, women with lower weight gain 0.5kg per week, and overweight women with overweight weight increase 0.3kg per week. Too fast or too slow weight gain can have a detrimental effect on fetal development.
Early pregnancy nutrition tips
Pregnancy Nutrition Tips Pregnant mothers in the early pregnancy are mostly plagued by pregnancy reactions and have poor appetite. However, early pregnancy is the stage of development of the main organs of the fetus, especially the development of the neural tube and major internal organs. During this period, the fetal organ development requires vitamins and minerals in particular, especially proteins, folic acid, and iron.
1, protein
Protein is the basis of growth and development, and it is very important for early fetal development and maternal health. Pregnant women should ensure 70g of protein intake every day during the first trimester of pregnancy. Should eat more tofu, lean meat, milk, fish and so on.
2, folic acid
Taking folic acid in early pregnancy can reduce the chance of fetal malformation, so pregnant women should take folic acid in early pregnancy, and can be taken from dark vegetables such as spinach, carrots, asparagus, fresh fruits: oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes. You can also take folic acid in your armpit.
3, calcium
Milk, wolfberry, dried fish, leeks, seaweed, soybeans, black beans, black sesame and other foods are rich in calcium, enough calcium can prevent pregnant women, tension, headache, leg cramps, insomnia, tooth decay and other symptoms, but also Can prevent fetal bones and teeth from stunting.
4, iron
Iron is very important to women's health. Iron is an indispensable nutrient for pregnant women after pregnancy. Iron can help prevent maternal anemia and prevent fetal malnutrition. Such as egg yolk, meat, liver, green vegetables, whole wheat bread, grains, etc. are rich in iron, pregnant women can eat these foods.
5, iodine
Iodine supplementation can prevent fetal mental deficiency. Iodine is an indispensable nutrient for pregnant women. During pregnancy, pregnant women need to take 30%-100% more iodine than normal, that is, 175-200 micrograms of iodine need to be taken every day to meet the needs of the body. Iodine is usually supplemented by diet. Pregnant women can eat some foods rich in iodine, such as kelp, seaweed, sea fish, and other seafood. They can be consumed once a week to meet their needs.
Taboo food
1. Do not eat crabs, kelp, and turtles: After eating, it will cause bleeding and miscarriage in early pregnancy.
2, not eat Mi Ren and purslane: Mi Ren, also known as barley, it promotes uterine contractions, easy to induce miscarriage. The purslane also causes the uterus contraction to increase, the strength increases easily to cause the miscarriage.
3, not eat apricot and almonds: the apricot's heat and its characteristics of slick fetal taboos for pregnant women. Almonds containing highly toxic substances in children eating 7 to 10 almonds can be lethal so pregnant women should be fasted.
4, do not eat black fungus: Because it has the power of blood circulation, is not conducive to the stability and growth of the embryo, so do not eat.
5, not eat hawthorn: Hawthorn has the effect of shrinking the uterus should not eat.
6, canned foods: Because of its containing additives, pregnant women intake too much, will be unfavorable to the baby.
7, cold drinks and soft drinks: Female gastrointestinal function is weakened after pregnancy, too cold food will make sudden contraction of gastrointestinal blood vessels, digestive function weakened and diarrhea, abdominal pain and other symptoms. Soda water consumes iron from expectant mothers, causing anemia and affecting baby development.
8, spinach: spinach in the oxalic acid affect the body's absorption of calcium, zinc mothers eat too much, will reduce the body's calcium and zinc content, affecting the baby's growth and development.
Pregnancy Early Childbirth Diet Encyclopedia
What pregnant mothers eat during the first trimester of pregnancy The expectant mothers who are in the early pregnancy are mostly plagued by pregnancy reactions and have poor appetites. At this stage, expectant mothers do not deliberately let themselves eat more. Instead of worrying about chickens, ducks, and fish every day, it is better to choose their favorite foods to increase appetite. For greasy, appetite-reducing food, you don't have to eat it.
Early pregnancy is the stage of development of the main organs of the fetus, especially the development of the neural tube and major internal organs. During this period, the fetal organ development requires vitamins and minerals in particular, especially folic acid, iron, and zinc. However, it is often difficult for pregnant mothers to determine when they are pregnant. Therefore, care must be taken to supplement additional vitamins and minerals from the start of pregnancy.
First, the critical period for the development of fetal neural tubes is the 17th day of the first 30 days of pregnancy. At this time, if the intake of folic acid is insufficient, it may cause abnormal fetal nervous system development. Therefore, folic acid supplementation should be started from the planned pregnancy to effectively prevent fetal neural tube defects. Many natural foods are rich in folic acid, and various green vegetables and animal livers, kidneys, beans, fruits, and dairy products are all rich in folic acid.
After pregnancy, the blood volume of pregnant women will increase, and the need for iron will double. Therefore, pregnant mothers should also add iron as soon as possible to prevent iron deficiency anemia and its adverse consequences. If you do not pay attention to the intake of iron, it is easy to suffer from iron deficiency anemia, and may also lead to fetuses suffering from iron deficiency anemia.
In addition, adequate zinc is important for the early development of fetal organs and helps prevent miscarriage and premature delivery. In the early stages of pregnancy, you can eat according to your appetite. You don't have to deliberately eat more or eat less. Eating less and eating more, eating and eating is the main policy for pregnant women during this period. During this period, if eating habits change, there is no need to be afraid. Eating sour foods may increase appetite.
Pregnancy Early Childbirth Diet Encyclopedia
The principle of early pregnancy diet
Mothers and mothers need to arrange diet in the following five areas:
1. Choose foods that promote appetite.
Such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, fresh mushrooms, fresh oyster mushrooms, fresh hawthorn fruit, apples, etc., which are colorful, nutritious, easy to induce human appetite.
2. Choose foods that are easily digested, easily absorbed, and reduce vomiting. The tofu and soy milk in fish, chicken, eggs, milk and bean foods in animal foods are all easy to digest and absorb. They are rich in high-quality protein and are delicious in taste. Pregnant women can often choose them. Rice porridge, millet porridge, baked bread, steamed bread, biscuits, sweet potatoes, easy digestion and absorption, high sugar content, can increase blood sugar levels, and improve acidosis caused by vomiting in pregnant women. Yogurt, ice cream and other cold drinks are less pungent than hot foods, have antiemetic effects, and can increase the supply of protein, pregnant women can eat in moderation.
3. Cooking should meet the taste. After pregnancy, many people have changed their eating habits. When cooking, lemon juice and vinegar can be mixed with cold dishes, and a small amount of spices such as ginger and pepper can also be used to make the food a certain degree of irritation. Cold food can reduce the stimulation of food on the gastric mucosa, such as cold ears, cold tomato sauce, a small amount of ice cream, ice cream and so on.
4. Eat and eat, eat small meals. Pregnant women who have a heavier pregnancy response should eat as much as they want. For example, before going to bed and getting up early, sitting on the bed to eat a few biscuits, bread and other snacks can reduce vomiting and increase food intake.
5. Keep happy while eating. Listening to light music and placing flowers on the table can all relieve the irritability of morning sickness, thereby increasing the appetite of pregnant women and ensuring the normal development of the fetus.
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Lamp panel
The lamp panel is divided into ordinary infrared lamps (Dingyuan and Guanglei) and array lamps. The array camera is also divided into 1W, 2W and 3W. Therefore, when choosing infrared lamps, if it is an ordinary infrared lamp, try to choose Dingyuan and 3W array lamps. Since the appearance of infrared lamps is generally invisible, some cottage cameras are filled with Guanglei and 1W array cameras are filled with 3W array cameras. Therefore, try to choose a large brand when choosing cameras.
Maximum Aperture
The real value of the maximum aperture is to improve the light intake under low light conditions, so as to achieve the best exposure combination. In general, the ability to visualize the lens is not required for shooting landscapes. In addition, the lens caliber is not required for shooting landscapes except in particularly dark places. However, when the 70-200mm zoom lens is equipped with a 2-fold zoom lens to make the telephoto section become 400mm and AF is used for automatic focusing, it is better to choose a lens with the largest aperture of F2.8. Large aperture is conducive to accurate focusing in dark conditions. When shooting people with a large aperture lens, even in places where the light is weak, the handset can also use natural light to shoot. In addition, the lens with the largest aperture can bring fast shutter speed, so sports photography also needs a large aperture lens.
Another reason for requiring the lens aperture to be large is to be able to visualize the background freely and ensure the quality of visualization. When the aperture of the lens with the maximum aperture of F1.4 is reduced to F2, both the imaging quality and the blurring quality of the background are better than those of the lens with the maximum aperture of F2. Therefore, it is of great value to reduce the aperture of a large aperture lens by one stop. Any photographer should be good at using the lens.
focal length
The first thing to pay attention to when selecting a lens is the focal length of the lens. In fact, focal length is a matter of perspective. Different focal lengths and perspectives are different. In addition, users should be clear about what is the main purpose of buying lenses? Is it for scenery or people. As we all know, it is better to use a wide-angle lens when shooting landscapes, and a telescopic lens when shooting people. Therefore, you should first decide the focal length of the lens you want to buy according to the purpose of photography.
The best focal sections for shooting scenery are 24 mm wide angle focal section and 200 mm telescopic focal section (both are based on 35 mm specifications, the same below). When the wide-angle focus segment of the standard zoom lens evolves from 28mm to 24mm, the viewing angle becomes larger, and the range of scenery that can be stored is greatly expanded. Generally speaking, the maximum aperture of the lens is not required for shooting landscapes. If you are mainly shooting landscapes, a wide angle focal length of 24mm is basically enough when you select a zoom lens. As for the telephoto section, it must be at least 200mm. If the telephoto section is 300mm or 400mm, it is more ideal, and the degree of freedom will be greatly improved. The telephoto focus segment of traditional zoom lens is 300 mm, which is 450 mm for digital SLR. The focal length has been expanded by 1.5 times, which makes it more enjoyable to use. This is the value of digital SLR. The wide-angle focal section of the digital special ultra wide-angle lens produced is generally 12mm, equivalent to 18mm of 35mm, which is nearly 1.5 times larger than the 28mm focal section of 35mm, thus greatly widening the left and right range of the scenic scene.
The best focal length for shooting people is 85mm. In terms of 35mm standard, 85mm focal length is basically used as the standard for shooting characters. The portrait taken by the 85mm focal section is basically close to the picture effect taken by the medium frame camera. It is not only suitable for the distance, but also the face of the person looks very natural. The distance between the camera and the person being photographed can basically be kept at the normal speaking distance. The 85mm focal length can also effectively blur the background and prominent characters. In order to obtain good visualization effect, the lens with the largest aperture should be selected. The 85mm focal length is about 135mm on the digital SLR. Although the sense of distance of the shot is a little weak, it is basically OK, so the focal length of the person lens should be at least about 85mm.
A 100mm macro lens is enough for traditional SLR to shoot flowers. The 100mm macro lens can be used for equal magnification photography, which can make the flowers very large. However, when taking equal magnification photography or near equal magnification photography, due to the depth of the long focus scene, it is easy to shake, so anti shake measures should be considered when taking photos. From this point of view, 50mm macro lens is easier to use on digital SLR.
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