Tomato is a self-pollinated crop. When artificial pollination of greenhouse vegetables, traditional hormone treatment is ideal for increasing yield. However, after pollination, fruit quality and taste are poor, and the rate of deformed fruit is also high, which also causes hormone residues. The pollution of fruit, and the need for artificial silk flowers, time-consuming labor, labor intensity. The use of bumblebee to pollinate greenhouse vegetables can effectively solve the above problems.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Materials
Test material (variety): early maturing tomato (variety cooperation 903); bumblebee.
Test drug: plant growth regulating hormone 2,4-D.
1.2 Test design
The experiment was conducted to test the effect of different pollination methods on tomato pollination. It was designed as 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The three treatments were: treatment 1: blank control room; treatment 2: hormone treatment room; treatment 3: bumblebee pollination room. The area of ​​each treatment zone was 333 m 2 . The test was carried out in three greenhouses with the same basic conditions, such as soil composition and fertility, and the data collection was completely randomized.
1.3 Test methods
The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Huitian Planting and Breeding Company in Xining City from April to September 2016. In the experiment, the tomato cultivation has a large row spacing of 70 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm. Planting was carried out on February 28, and pollination was carried out from April 20 to June 20. The pollination method was carried out according to the experimental design. Fruit harvesting and data collection were carried out from May 20 to August 10.
1.4 Observation indicators and data processing
During the fruit picking period, different processed tomatoes were selected for single fruit weight, total number of fruit per plant, number of deformed fruit, vertical diameter and transverse diameter of the fruit. Data were statistically analyzed using DPS and Excel software.
2 Results and analysis
2.1 Effects of different pollination methods on tomato yield
The effects of different pollination methods on tomato production indicators are shown in Table 1. The results showed that: (1) The total number of fruits and yield indicators of hormone treatment and bumblebee treatment were better than those of blank control, and the total number of fruits increased by 24.94% and 16.37%, respectively. Increased by 26.61% and 13.32%, indicating that both treatments can promote tomato yield. In the single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter indicators, the hormone treatment group was inferior to the blank control, while the bumblebee treatment was superior to the blank control, increasing by 29.08%, 3.98%, and 3.14%, respectively. (2) Although both hormone treatment and bumblebee treatment have significant effects on tomato yield, the contribution rate to tomato yield indicators is different. The effect of hormone treatment on the increase of yield is only shown in the total number of fruits, indicating that hormone treatment is beneficial to the increase of the fruit set rate of tomato, which leads to the increase of yield; bumblebee treatment not only increases the fruit setting rate, but also has different degrees of other economic indicators. influences. (3) Bumblebee treatment of tomato production
The indicators are better than the hormone treatment, especially in the abnormal rate index. The fruit is round and full with the bumblebee pollination method.
By analyzing the variance of tomato production index (see Table 2), the results showed that there were different levels of difference between different treatments of tomato production. (1) Total fruit treatment interval F=83.09≥F0.01=18, each There was a difference between the treatments. There was a significant difference between the treatments at the 5% level by the new complex range method. There was no significant difference between the bumblebee treatment and the hormone treatment at the 1% level, but there was no significant difference between the treatments and the blank treatment. There are significant differences. (2) F=31.74≥F0.01=18 between the treatment of deformity rate index, the difference was consistent at the 5% and 1% levels between treatments. Compared with the new complex range method, there was significant difference between bumblebee treatment and hormone treatment. The difference was not significantly different from the blank treatment. F=2.26≤F0.05=6.94 between the groups, the difference between the groups was not large, and the test results were reliable. (3) The single fruit weight index treatment interval F=56.64≥F0.01=18, the difference between the treatments at the F0.01 level was significant, compared with the new complex range method, the bumblebee treatment and hormone treatment, blank treatment between 1 The level of % was significant, and the difference between hormone treatment and blank treatment was not significant. F=5.7≤F0.01=18 between the groups, the difference between the groups was not large, and the test results were reliable. (4) The F values ​​of the longitudinal and transverse diameter treatments are 62.46 and 121.85, respectively, which are greater than the values ​​of F0.05 and F0.01. There is a difference between the treatments. Compared with the new complex range method, the longitudinal diameter indicator bumblebee treatment There was no significant difference between the blank treatments, but there was a significant difference between the two and the hormone treatment at the 5% and 1% levels. There was a significant difference in the horizontal diameter index at the 5% level, and 1% level on the hormone. The treatment performance was poor, and there was a significant difference between the bumblebee treatment and the blank treatment. However, the F-values ​​of the longitudinal and transverse diameter indicators were 40.97 and 142.5, respectively, which were all greater than F0.05. The results showed that there were differences between the experimental groups. Affect the reliability of the above results. (5) The F value of the yield index was 62.46 and 121.85, respectively, which were greater than the values ​​of F0.05 and F0.01. There was a difference between the treatments. Compared with the new complex range method, the treatments showed a level of 1%. Very significant difference.
Table 1 Effect of different pollination methods on tomato production indicators
Table 2 Variance analysis results
2.2 Effects of different pollination methods on tomato quality
Through experimental observation and analysis, it was found that the effects of different treatments on early-maturing tomato cooperation 903 were different. (1) The peak period of ripening of tomato fruit was significantly earlier than that of hormone treatment and blank control. (2) Bumblebee pollination treatment showed good fruit maturity, bright fruit color and round and full fruit shape; blank control treatment showed poor maturity, fruit color dull, fruit shape was small and round; hormone 2,4-D treatment showed fruit ripening The color is fresher and the fruit shape is round. (3) Bumblebee pollination treatment is fruity, fresh and juicy, with good seed maturity and more seeds; less white juice, less taste, almost no seeds in the fruit; hormone 2,4-D treatment shows less juice and taste Hard, the grain content of the fruit is small and immature. Through experimental observation, it was found that bumblebee pollination can significantly increase the commodity yield and yield of tomato, reduce fruit malformation and improve fruit quality.
2.3 Analysis of economic benefits
The economic benefit analysis (see Table 3) shows that a box of 333 m 2 greenhouse bumblebee costs about 350 yuan (bumble bee price: 350 yuan / 80 heads, 80 heads a box).
The cost of using 2,4-D is about 1 yuan, but 2,4-D requires artificial flowering. A greenhouse with 333 m 2 requires a labor cost of 240 yuan (6 times in total, 2 people per job) At the end of the day, the labor cost is 20 yuan/d per person, so the cost of removal of the buffalo and the use of 2,4-D for each greenhouse can increase the net income by about 896.6 yuan and 117.4 yuan respectively; pollination with bumblebee and 2, 4-D The input-output ratio of each greenhouse is 1:2.28 and 1:1.24 respectively. In the greenhouse tomato production, buffalo pollination farmers can increase more income (the total output of 333 m 2 of blank control greenhouse is about 2 500 kg, According to the market price of tomato, the commodity quality is 1.2 yuan/kg, and the commodity quality is 0.9 yuan/kg.
Table 3 Analysis of economic benefits of different pollination methods
3 Summary and discussion
3.1 Summary
(1) Bumblebee pollination has advantages in production. Pollination of greenhouse tomatoes by bumblebee is a low-cost, high-efficiency, non-polluting modern high-tech agricultural technology measure with less investment, time saving and sustainable development.
(2) The production indexes of bumblebee treated with tomato are better than those of hormone treatment, which can effectively reduce the deformity rate and improve the appearance quality and taste of the fruit.
(3) The use of bumblebee pollination in greenhouse production not only achieves the best pollination effect, but also because the “Bumblebee†pollinates at the time of the most pollen and the strongest activity, it can form more ovules and seeds, making the fruit and vegetable texture more solid. It can improve the quality of fruits and vegetables; and the pollination is done by “Bumblebeeâ€. The beehive is made of natural materials, suitable for “Bumblebee†to survive, and is equipped with food. Once placed in a greenhouse or greenhouse, no need to manage, save time and effort; The use of toxic drugs, in particular, eliminates the use of plant growth hormone and residues in fruits and vegetables, reducing the pollution of fruit and vegetables, and is conducive to the health of consumers.
3.2 Discussion
Although Xiongfeng pollination has advantages in production, it is necessary to pay attention to the following matters.
(1) Prevent deaf people. Avoid beating the beehives or knocking on the beehives. Workers should not wear blue clothes and use perfumes and other cosmetics.
(2) Rational application of pesticides. After the bumblebee returns to the box, the beehives are removed from the greenhouse and applied again, and then returned to the original place two days later. It is strictly forbidden to apply insecticides, wettable powders, fumigants and sulphur-containing pesticides with slow-acting effects.
In summary, in order to speed up the production of pollution-free vegetables in greenhouses in this city safely and effectively, we should increase the promotion and application of bumblebee pollination technology.
The above are all the main points of the different pollination methods on the quality of tomato test. Welcome to the greenhouse tomato growers to learn more!
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