First, build garden technology: 1. Garden choice: The most suitable soil for the book is loose soil, sandy loam rich in organic matter. 2. Stand-type selection: In order to advance the results and increase the output of the previous period, fence-type racks should be selected, mainly single-shelf type. Line spacing 2-2.5 meters, height 2-2.5 meters, pillar spacing 4 to 5 meters, 50 centimeters from the ground on the pillars and every 40-50 centimeters upward, pull a wire, pull a total of 4 wire. 3. Planting density: Row spacing is 2 meters, plant spacing is 1.5 meters, 330 plants per acre, leave 3-5 vine pruning. 4. Planting techniques: (1) Digging high-yield ditch: Before planting, dig open a 50-cm-wide and 60-cm-high yield trough first. Before backfilling, fill the ditch with organic fertilizer or straw. (2) Planting period: The best colonization of nutrient bag seedlings was in early June, and hardwood cuttings were planted in late November. (3) Planting requirements: First, planting points should be marked according to the spacing requirements of the plants, and then the planting hole of 30-40 cm square should be dug for planting. Nutritional seedlings should be selected from seedling height 20-30 cm, stout thick, thick and large blade seedlings colonization, survival rate of up to 95% or more, using annual hardwood cutting seedlings, should choose fibrous roots, 3-4 households full The first stage seedlings of the buds are planted, the side is covered with earth while being planted, and then watered immediately after planting, and then buried in small piles with soil. (4) Covering the film: The following year, the excavation shall be done by raising the seedlings, pouring the positive water, and timely covering the mulch, which will help increase the temperature and protect the lice, promote the easing of the seedlings, and produce new shoots early. Second, the tree management: 1. Soil fertilizer management: (1) soil management: according to the occurrence of weeds, the annual cultivator weeding 3-5 times, combined with the autumn fertilization, the whole garden deep turn once, depth of 20 cm, there will be Helps to loosen the soil and promote root growth. (2) Fertilization: Grapes like fertile and loose soil, apply more organic fertilizer, can effectively increase soil nutrients and improve soil structure, which is an important basis for high quality and high yield. The first is basal fertilizer. If the autumn basal fertilizer is used early enough, the amount should be sufficient. After the fruit is harvested, the soil is deep-turned by 20 cm. The mus has basal fertilizer of 4000-5000 kg and is mixed with phosphate fertilizer or compound fertilizer. The second is precipitating fertilizer, before germination, ditching and applying urea 10-15 kg. The third is to promote fruit fertilizer, after the fruit is set, when the beans are applied, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, Mushi urea and compound fertilizer each 15 kg. Fourth, fruit coloring fertilizer, mainly potassium and phosphorus, Mushi compound fertilizer 10 kg. Fifth, the foliar dressing, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the growth phase, plus trace element fertilizer. 2. Pruning: No trunk rules, choose to stay 3-4 robust new shoots to develop 3-5 main vines to form a fan, the second year in the main vine every 20-25 cm, choose to leave a result Zhizu. 3. Summer pruning: (1) Wiping buds and thinning: In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, it is advisable to remove the buds sooner rather than later. Both the black and red earths have a high germination rate. The remaining shoots should be removed as early as possible. Only the main buds should be left in the double buds or the three buds. Each bud should retain a strong bud. (2) Tip topping and axillary shoots treatment: The results of the shoots were usually taken one week before flowering. The secondary tip treatment, that is, the top of the inflorescence of the secondary tip leaves 3-4 leaves, repeatedly topping. (3) Axillary tip and ear shaping: Black and large grains, red earth have the characteristics of large spikes and large grains. Only pruned inflorescences can achieve large fruit size and beautiful spike shape. The practice is to extend the inflorescence rapidly before flowering, and to remove the tip of the inflorescence by hand for about one week before flowering, accounting for 1/5-1/3 of the inflorescence length, while removing the secondary sequence and removing the first and second branches of the inflorescence. About 1/2, the inflorescence forms a short cylindrical shape, which is conducive to improving the fruit setting rate, increasing the weight of the fruit, making the ear a compact cone, and improving the appearance quality of the product. (4) Binding, pruning, and picking leaves improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions: During the period from July to August, when the grapes are grown, the branches and leaves are lush and easy to cause turbidity. It should be handled as soon as possible. The new lead is a regular job and it takes 3-4 times a year. When the growth of new shoots is excessively prosperous and the leaves and leaves are too numerous to affect the ventilation and light transmission, it is necessary to cut the shoots in time, cut the apex of the long shoots, and remove weak branches and old leaves to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. 4. Winter pruning: (1) Resulting pruning length of mother branches: Black and large grains, Red Globe grapes result in higher percentage of mother shoots at the base of shoots, middle and short shoots are used for pruning, and midrow shoots should be mainly cultivated in production. , with short tip trim. (2) Branch updating: In order to prevent the outward movement of the result site and ensure that there are robust results every year, the mother branch should be selected by the double branch regeneration method. The pruning of the preliminary branch can effectively control the outward migration of the resulting site each year. Third, the disease prevention and control: 1. Agricultural control: to strengthen the summer pruning, improve the ventilation conditions of the plane, in time to cut off the diseased leaves, diseased branches, concentrated diseased fruit burned. 2. Chemical control: During the growth period, it can spray 1:0.5:200-fold Bordeaux mixture to prevent downy mildew. During the onset period, it sprays 25% of metalaxyl 600 times or 600 times of big students.
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