With the development of animal husbandry in our province and the implementation of the “main and auxiliary transposition†policy for agriculture and animal husbandry, the development of silage corn will increasingly attract more attention. The problems of silage corn production and harvest are generally affected by leaders, farmers, and users at all levels. The attention of manufacturers. Although the silage corn harvester was used earlier in our province, there are still many problems in the application and promotion of large areas. Many farmers and users lack the necessary knowledge about the choice of silage type and how to use it properly. To solve this problem, the author Make some suggestions.
I. Selection of corn silage harvesters
Types of silage corn harvesters can be divided into tractor-mounted green-breeding corn harvesters, tow-style green-feeding harvesters with corn heads, and self-propelled green-feeding harvesters with corn heads. . In addition, there is a green feeding harvester with a stationary operation on the field. At present, the representative models of silage corn harvesting machinery used in our province mainly include: PPC 6.0 Silage Shredder produced by China Agricultural Machinery Institute and 9QS-1300 type green feeding and chopping produced by Yanbei Animal Husbandry Machinery Group Co., Ltd. Machine, MB220 green feed harvester produced by Zhaoguang Machinery Plant of Heilongjiang Province; imported foreign models mainly include: Balestier large silage machine produced in Belarus, 790 type and 900 type pulled silage produced by New Holland Company. Harvester, John. Deere's 2-row and 3-row trailed silage harvesters, Norwegian Grand MH9QS single/double row silage corn harvester, etc. In addition, 4YZ-3 type silage corn combine harvester produced by Zhaoxian Agricultural Machinery Repair Factory in Hebei Province and 4Y-2 miniature corn cutting and drying produced by Shandong Jinsheng Agricultural Machinery Research Institute in Shandong Province are used for the harvesting of silage corn. Machine and so on. According to the harvesting method, it is divided into right and wrong lines, and the cutter type is divided into a reciprocating type cutter and a vertical type rotary cutter. In selecting a self-propelled or dragging problem, it is first determined based on the nature of the purchaser's use. If the planting area of ​​silage corn and green fodder is above 1000hm, the self-propelled model should be used as the main model, and a certain number of tractors should be equipped at the ratio of 1:3 to 4 for self-propelled and traction. It is necessary to satisfy the harvesting of silage corn and green fodder at the best harvesting time, and to consider the full use of existing tractor power. It is also necessary to consider the issue of investment efficiency and rate of return. At present, the domestic market is relatively optimistic about Germany's E-281, priced at more than 800,000 yuan, according to the current planting scale, land conditions and the level of use of the daily workload of 10.0 ~ 13.3hrn2, operating costs per hectare is generally 750 ~ 1050 兀, a working season 15 to 20 days, to remove the weather and the impact of machine failure factors, an operating season, an E-281 can be operating about 200hm ~, gross income of 15 to 21 million, to remove the cost and profits and taxes net income 5 ~ 87/yuan, the investment recovery period is 10 to 15 years, and the maximum useful life of large-scale machines is 3 to 5 years. However, buying a New Holland 110-90 tractor with T station equipped with an AMC300LD trailed silage harvester, the investment is half of the E-28l, and it is worth noting that when the silage harvesting operation is completed, the tractor can also perform other operations. The operator is very favorable. If it is a specialized silage harvesting operation, reference can also be made to the above-mentioned equipment method. For powerful individual agricultural machinery operators, the matching trail-type silage harvesters should be selected based on the existing power. Regarding the selection of domestic or foreign models, it is necessary to first consider the size of funds, and secondarily, the models with advanced technical performance, high level of manufacturing technology, high productivity, and high reliability. At present, European and American countries that enter the market of Heilongjiang Province have many models of products, and products with low prices, good after-sales services and good faith should be considered under the conditions of the same level of technology. The 9QSD-1200,750 trailed silage harvester of the Xinjiang Machinery Research Institute and the 4QX-12 type two-row silage corn harvester of Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Science are also promising models for the market.
Two questions about how to use corn silage harvester correctly
1. Strictly follow the product instructions
The power must be equipped according to the requirements of the machine. If the power is too large, it may easily damage the parts (such as the drive shaft and bearings). The oversized machines cannot work normally. Before the machine is put into use, the operator must be trained to be familiar with the machine's performance and safety operation procedures. Trial cuts must be made and the machine must be adjusted and maintained before it can be used officially.
2. To correctly understand the productivity of imported machine labels
Some products are marked with unit time and kilograms, and they are marked with walking speed. As the silage cutter not only cuts but also crushes, the work efficiency of the crushing part directly affects the working efficiency of the entire machine. Some people mistakenly believe that the foreign machine has a large horsepower, so the use of exceeding the limit will not only damage the machine prematurely, but also This delays the golden harvest period, which is unfavorable to both the client and the operator. Therefore, the machine's walking speed should be determined according to the actual production in the field and the given productivity of the machine.
3. Preparatory work should be carried out before the harvesting operation
Firstly, we must level all the Et埂 in the land so that its height does not exceed lOcm so as to avoid damage to the cutters and guards of the harvester, and to pick up iron wires, iron blocks and other hard objects on the surface so as not to damage the comminuting parts of the machine. .
4. Planting multiple ear corn varieties suitable for silage
This kind of corn has a high yield and is easy to harvest. Although the S704 has a high yield, there are few tillers, and the stalks are thick and difficult to harvest. Since the sowing time of silage corn is relatively concentrated, the harvesting time is also very concentrated. If the machine is equipped with a demand that can not meet the peak operation period, the corn harvested in the later period can only be yellow, which is not worthwhile. Therefore, silage corn sowing time is required to be appropriately staggered in order to lengthen the harvest period. There is also a need to equip the machine with the peak workload of silage corn harvesting operations, generally increasing the amount of equipment by 30% of normal operations.
5. Do a good job of organizing the harvest of silage corn
From the understanding of the situation, the main reason for the inefficient use of imported machinery is the improper organization of production. First, the farmers have small planting area, the idle time of the mechanical operation is greater than the pure operating time, the machine turns and has many empty lines, etc. The time for pulling the wagons is long and the utilization rate of the machine is low; second, the operator rushes into battle, without training, and imports. The performance of the machine is not known, and man-made failures are caused by operational mistakes. Third, sellers interest in seizing the market, stalls are paved, fronts are pulled long, and after-sales services cannot keep up. Therefore, the cultivation of silage corn should be scaled up as soon as possible. Users should consult the experts when selecting machines, and sellers should base themselves on long-term and quality services.
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