Common diseases of corn are empty stalks, baldness, and lack of grains. Empty stalk commonly known as "son son package", refers to the corn plant does not result ear or ear can not grow up phenomenon. Baldness is the phenomenon that the top of the ear is not strong. There are two kinds of lack of grain: First, there are several lines on the side of the ear that are not strong from the base to the top, commonly known as "half the side of the valley," mainly filaments droop to one side, affect the normal pollination and form a half without grain; Second, the starry sky is missing Grain, that is, the grain on the ear of a West East one, commonly known as "Gao Zi Bao Gu."
The main reasons First, the planting density is too large The planting density of corn is too large, and the plants are prematurely sealed. As a result, functional leaves of the panicle are shaded, lack of light, lack of nutrition, poor plant individual development, and impaired ear differentiation. This is the formation of empty stalks. The main reason. The higher the general density, the higher the empty stalk rate. According to the survey, 3500 to 4500 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 3-5%, 4500-5200 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 5-9%, and 5500 acres were planted. - 6300 strains, the empty stalk rate of up to 20%. At the same time, because the density is too large, the leaves meet each other to cover the female filaments, resulting in the failure of pollen formation and lack of grain.
Second, the imbalance of nutrient supply is caused by insufficient nutrition and increased empty stalks. Second, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not properly combined, and the empty stalk rate is also increased. If there is a lack of phosphorus or potassium, the ear may not develop due to deterioration of the nutrient and empty stalks will be sweet. During the development stage of pollen and ear, if nutrients and water are insufficient, especially phosphorus and potassium are lacking, nutrient transportation is hindered, female flower formation is destroyed, and infertility pollen is also increased, thereby worsening pollen conditions causing baldness and lack of grain.
Third, large and small seedlings uneven due to poor seed quality, sowing too early, sowing depth and inconsistent cover thickness and other reasons, caused by uneven seedlings, incomplete, especially seedlings or replanting seedlings caused differences in seedling strength, to form a small bully The strong and bullying weak group structure resulted in seedlings and weak plants that were not strong and formed empty stalks.
Fourth, adverse climate effects in the ear formation or development stage of the corn in the case of drought, the ear can not be properly extracted or extracted can not be spinning, or took too late, missed the pollination period and the formation of empty culms.
In addition, diseases and insect pests such as corn borer and head smut are also easily caused by empty stalks; extreme weather such as strong winds and heavy rains also have a great influence on flowering and pollination, resulting in baldness and lack of grain.
Control methods 1. Correct selection of good varieties The hybrids with high yield potential and low culm rate are selected for proper sowing and planting.
Second, improve the sowing quality of fine soil preparation, the use of fat nursery, the implementation of a grade transplant, to ensure Miao Qi, Miao whole, Miao Zhuang.
Third, improve the lighting conditions within the group According to the characteristics of species, soil fertility and cultivation levels of reasonable close planting, in order to improve the population in the upper light conditions.
Strengthen fertilizer and water management Adhere to the principles of fertilization that “apply enough base fertilizer, lightly apply seedling fertilizer, skillfully apply culm fertilizer, rush over stalk fertilizer, and apply granule fertilizerâ€, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers to meet various corn requirements. The overall demand for nutrients during the birth period.
Timely Irrigation and Drainage The large bell-mouth and silking stage of corn are the critical period of water demand. When drought occurs, it should be watered in time to maintain the field water holding capacity of 70-80%, and promote the differentiation of male and female spikes and the formation and development of pollen of tassels. At the same time, the flowering period of spring maize is in the rainy season, and extremely anomalous weather such as heavy rain is very easy to occur. In case of encountering locusts, water accumulation should be promptly eliminated to promote the normal growth of corn.
Artificially-assisted pollination and cross-fertilization artificially-assisted pollination are advocated as an effective measure to satisfy the need for pollen, baldness, and lack of grain in the ear. Detasseling can play a role in reducing nutrient consumption, promoting coordination between males and females, reducing caries, and increasing yield. However, in the event of continuous rain or high temperatures, it should not be emasculated.
Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the late middle and early stages of corn production, large scale, small blight, sheath blight, corn borer, aphids and other pests and other integrated control, to ensure that the normal growth and development of corn ear.
The main reasons First, the planting density is too large The planting density of corn is too large, and the plants are prematurely sealed. As a result, functional leaves of the panicle are shaded, lack of light, lack of nutrition, poor plant individual development, and impaired ear differentiation. This is the formation of empty stalks. The main reason. The higher the general density, the higher the empty stalk rate. According to the survey, 3500 to 4500 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 3-5%, 4500-5200 acres were planted, the empty stalk rate was 5-9%, and 5500 acres were planted. - 6300 strains, the empty stalk rate of up to 20%. At the same time, because the density is too large, the leaves meet each other to cover the female filaments, resulting in the failure of pollen formation and lack of grain.
Second, the imbalance of nutrient supply is caused by insufficient nutrition and increased empty stalks. Second, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not properly combined, and the empty stalk rate is also increased. If there is a lack of phosphorus or potassium, the ear may not develop due to deterioration of the nutrient and empty stalks will be sweet. During the development stage of pollen and ear, if nutrients and water are insufficient, especially phosphorus and potassium are lacking, nutrient transportation is hindered, female flower formation is destroyed, and infertility pollen is also increased, thereby worsening pollen conditions causing baldness and lack of grain.
Third, large and small seedlings uneven due to poor seed quality, sowing too early, sowing depth and inconsistent cover thickness and other reasons, caused by uneven seedlings, incomplete, especially seedlings or replanting seedlings caused differences in seedling strength, to form a small bully The strong and bullying weak group structure resulted in seedlings and weak plants that were not strong and formed empty stalks.
Fourth, adverse climate effects in the ear formation or development stage of the corn in the case of drought, the ear can not be properly extracted or extracted can not be spinning, or took too late, missed the pollination period and the formation of empty culms.
In addition, diseases and insect pests such as corn borer and head smut are also easily caused by empty stalks; extreme weather such as strong winds and heavy rains also have a great influence on flowering and pollination, resulting in baldness and lack of grain.
Control methods 1. Correct selection of good varieties The hybrids with high yield potential and low culm rate are selected for proper sowing and planting.
Second, improve the sowing quality of fine soil preparation, the use of fat nursery, the implementation of a grade transplant, to ensure Miao Qi, Miao whole, Miao Zhuang.
Third, improve the lighting conditions within the group According to the characteristics of species, soil fertility and cultivation levels of reasonable close planting, in order to improve the population in the upper light conditions.
Strengthen fertilizer and water management Adhere to the principles of fertilization that “apply enough base fertilizer, lightly apply seedling fertilizer, skillfully apply culm fertilizer, rush over stalk fertilizer, and apply granule fertilizerâ€, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers to meet various corn requirements. The overall demand for nutrients during the birth period.
Timely Irrigation and Drainage The large bell-mouth and silking stage of corn are the critical period of water demand. When drought occurs, it should be watered in time to maintain the field water holding capacity of 70-80%, and promote the differentiation of male and female spikes and the formation and development of pollen of tassels. At the same time, the flowering period of spring maize is in the rainy season, and extremely anomalous weather such as heavy rain is very easy to occur. In case of encountering locusts, water accumulation should be promptly eliminated to promote the normal growth of corn.
Artificially-assisted pollination and cross-fertilization artificially-assisted pollination are advocated as an effective measure to satisfy the need for pollen, baldness, and lack of grain in the ear. Detasseling can play a role in reducing nutrient consumption, promoting coordination between males and females, reducing caries, and increasing yield. However, in the event of continuous rain or high temperatures, it should not be emasculated.
Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the late middle and early stages of corn production, large scale, small blight, sheath blight, corn borer, aphids and other pests and other integrated control, to ensure that the normal growth and development of corn ear.
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