"The frequent chewing of betel nut can increase the risk of oral cancer, and this conclusion is beyond doubt." Zhong Kai, associate researcher of Risk Communication Department of National Food Risk Assessment Center, told Science Daily that in 2004, the International Cancer Research Center confirmed betel nut as a type of carcinogen. This study was published in Volume 85 of the Special Report of the International Center for Cancer Research.
Betel nuts are easy to form carcinogen after chewing
Chewing betel tends to cause oral cancer, which is mainly related to the nitrosamines that form the carcinogenic compound after the chewing of betel nut-containing chemicals. The researchers detected three kinds of nitrosamines in the saliva of people who chewed betel nut. In addition, the betel nut is hard and easy to damage the oral mucosa. In particular, after being wrapped with alum (also known as cilantro) and lime, the wear of the oral cavity is more severe, and the oral mucosa is often in a damaged state, increasing the chance of canceration. Tobacco (including chewing and smoking) is also accompanied by betel nut “smell†to jointly promote the formation of oral cancer.
Many investigations and researches have shown that frequent chewing of betel nuts is associated with oral diseases such as oral submucous fibrosis, oral cancer, oral leukoplakia, cracked teeth, and vertical root fissures. In particular, it is wrapped with silk flowers and ash powder. Betel chewing, more easily increase its cancer risk.
Zhong Kai told reporters that in 1985, scientists had discovered conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity of betelnut products containing tobacco components, but there was insufficient evidence at that time that betel nut itself could cause cancer. Later, epidemiological evidence gradually emerged, especially from India and Pakistan that the betelnut products containing tobacco and tobacco-free ingredients could be carcinogenic. At the same time, a large number of evidence from animal experiments and in vitro experiments are emerging, demonstrating that not only betel nut products are carcinogenic, but also their green fruits are also carcinogenic.
In the classification of carcinogens, betel nut belongs to the class of carcinogens. Although the level of carcinogens and the intensity of carcinogenicity are not necessarily related, “a class of carcinogens†means that the evidence for its carcinogenic effects is conclusive.
"No direct causation" is deceptive
The betel nut is slightly sweet and spicy when eaten, has a slight irritating sensation, and can stimulate people's fever. Therefore, betel nut chewing is addictive. The history of chewing betel nuts for humans has been very long. At present, the countries and regions that are eating betel nuts are mainly concentrated in Southeast Asia, India, southern China and Taiwan. Although epidemiological studies have found that chewing betel nuts are closely related to the occurrence of oral cancer, there are currently about 200 million people around the world chewing betel nuts, which are also increasing.
In Europe and the United States, the top cancer cancer rankings are lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and rectal cancer. However, oral cancer in Southeast Asian countries has always been ranked first. In some parts of South Asia, oral cancer is even the first killer of male cancer. This is a very important proof of the relevance of betelnut and oral cancer.
"There is no direct causal relationship between betel nuts and oral cancer. This is totally confusing," Zhong Kai told reporters. "This statement is scientifically correct because theoretically it is impossible to completely rule out the possibility of other causes of oral cancer. This is a very deceptive rhetoric, and it is easily used by some people to stir up arbitrariness and eventually fall into sophistry," said Zhong Kai. "This phenomenon exists for any kind of chronic damage or long-term cycle events, such as eating more salt. There is a correlation with hypertension, but there is no causal relationship between eating too much salt and high blood pressure; long-term drinking of high-sugar drinks is related to obesity, but long-term drinking of high-sugar drinks and obesity may not be a causal relationshipâ€, rigorous researchers can only Say "Betel nut can increase the risk of oral cancer" or "Betel nut and oral cancer are highly related."
You should quit smoking like betel nut
The betel nut is the seed of the palm plant belonging to the palm plant. The chewing betel nut is used to nucleate the fruit, and is made of silk flowers and lime. In some countries and regions, betel nuts, tobacco leaves and other raw materials are mixed together to make chews. It can also be used as a medicine. It is mainly used as an anthelmintic and has been listed in the Pharmacopoeia management catalogue.
The correct use of betel nut in clinical practice can achieve therapeutic effect. However, experts suggest that chewing betel nuts do more harm than good, in order to reduce the risk of oral cancer, should change the bad habits of chewing betel nut as much as possible.
In recent years, the betel nut industry has continued to expand, and its size in India alone exceeds several hundred million dollars per year. Due to the possible public health problems of betel nut, some countries or regions have already begun to control. For example, the United States prohibited the transportation of betel nuts between states in 1976, and Canada directly prohibits the sale of betel nut products.
Zhong Kai suggested that “for betel nuts, you can eat without food, eat less, and eat less, you should quit smoking like betel nut,†he said. “There is already enough scientific evidence that betel nut is a carcinogen.†The government should consider the level of public health policy and learn from foreign experience. If the limit is limited, the ban will be banned. At the same time, it has increased publicity on the regions and populations of betel nut consumption so that more people can understand the truth that betel nut is harmful to health and revoke this practice as soon as possible.
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