Orchard management is mainly in the two main aspects of fertilization and watering. Fertilization and watering are inseparable relations. After the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the nutrient elements cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees. The mineral nutrient elements must be converted into an ion state by the participation of the water in order to be captured by the roots of the fruit trees and then transported to the trees by means of transpiration and root pressure. . Fertilizing without watering is only equivalent to transferring the fertilizer to a place where it cannot be used. After fertilization, soil moisture is good and can dissolve fertilizers. It can be watered or shallow watered. When it is too dry, fertilizers can be used quickly after timely watering after fertilization. In production, most people regard fertilization and watering as two measures that are not related to each other, and the phenomenon of pouring “empty water†is common. The best management method at present is water and fertilizer integration.
Second, open the waterway leaves open the light path
If you want to plant a long fruit tree, you must water it more. If you want to think of the result, you must have enough light. At the sapling stage, large-sized masts can send branches and shoots as quickly as possible to lay a good foundation for constructing more results. After the fruiting period is over, watering must be controlled, otherwise vegetative growth will be aggravated, affecting fruit set rate and yield. . Orchard management is stressful, and the important link to eat the orchard's output potential depends on the photosynthetic capacity of the fruit trees. The effective photosynthetic area is large, the tree is strong, and the fruit is produced in many ways. It is the basis for the high yield and quality of the orchard. Lighting is an important factor in improving fruit quality.
Third, the twig is a treasure
There are more fruit trees and fewer fruit trees. The growth of young shoots should be large.
One is to select suitable shoots among numerous shoots for cultivating backbone shoots;
The second is that a large number of shoots and a large number of leaves can increase the light and ability to rapidly expand the canopy;
The third is to make full use of auxiliary support to ease the tree potential, to promote its early results, early high yield. Therefore, in the winter pruning, it is necessary to clean or renew the fruit branches in time.
Fourth, cut the tree is easy to make decisions difficult
Tree cutting is very mysterious in the minds of ordinary people. People who cut trees are respected as capable people. So, where can anyone be? In fact, we can make decisions before shearing.
The first is that most people will not judge the tree potential or the branch. Do not know if you do not know how to use the aptitude pruning method or the use of the trend to trim.
The second is not to judge the pruning response. I don't know if this scissors will go on, where will the nutrients be redistributed to next year, which places will grow stronger and which places will be weaker.
The third reason is that they do not understand the previous underground investment. The same is a pruning method, the investment with a large pruning response and investment with a small pruning response will be different.
Fifth, often see more often will not cut more will cut
Pruning fruit trees is undoubtedly a technical activity. Technical performance is mainly reflected in the pruning, the brain is faster than the hand, which branch should be cut, and which branch should stay, must first have a judgment. Often see other people pruning, do not judge why such a cut, can only be often seen often. Only by practicing yourself, can you begin to be more accurate, and the more you cut yourself off, the bigger you will be.
When pruning, it is necessary to judge the overall tree vigor, but also to determine the branch's branching tendency; it is necessary to consider the relationship between the adjacent trees, but also consider the trimmed response. It is necessary to take into account the regulation of pruning for nutrition, but also to consider the impact on the quantity and quality of results. Many farmers do not cut trees by themselves and are accustomed to paying Others to do it. Some people prune fruit trees. It is difficult to do a good job of investing in your past and future investments and fertilizing types. If you are in a hurry, you will not even think about it. The pruning effect will be even worse.
The same is a handle-type cut tree. Why does some tree trim reflect well, and some are not ideal? The reason is that the judgment is less or the judgment is wrong. Therefore, we advocate fruit farmers to prune themselves, their own orchards know best, pruning judgments are the most accurate, and the odds of mistakes are small. To learn to prun it yourself, you must first understand the basic habits of fruit tree growth and master the basics of pruning.
When you start pruning, you can slow down, think more, do less, and gradually you can become proficient. In fact, fruit tree pruning is a "coarse", as long as they grasp the main contradiction to solve, as to cut some of the wrong will not bring serious consequences, there is no need to shy away, who still does not get rid of a few crop seedlings? If you look at it often, you will cut it more; you will see that it is easier to be wrong, and you will have more brains to improve.
Sixth, light cut is not not cut heavy cut is not cut
Fruit tree pruning, different people have different pruning methods. In assessing the degree of pruning, some people think that they are heavy, and some people think that they are light. Is light or heavy? What are the criteria for judging? Can not be generalized. For example, for a prosperous tree, when you go to a branch, you have to use a lighter technique. You can go one or two at a time. Removal of large branches has a positive effect on tree vigor. If a large number of twigs are removed, the tree will easily become more prosperous in the second year, and it will be difficult to control and affect flowering.
Wangshu goes both to the branch and to the branchlets, which is pruning; but if the tree vigor is weak, removing one or a few branches, while properly removing some of the thin and weak branches and aging branches, and concentrating the nutrients on the remaining branches, will promote The tree-trend is transformed into the golden mean, then pruning is not heavy.
Light cuts are not cut, heavy cuts are not cut, and they are mainly aimed at two extreme behaviors. Some people cherish their branches for serious thoughts. When pruning, they do not start from the tree-trend judgment. Instead, they look at the flower buds to trim. As long as there are flowers, they will not go. The result is that the amount of twigs is too large. Edited hedges, is "hi nest." Some people are eager to solve the problem of deterioration of light. They do not judge the pruning response, and pursue trees in a blind pursuit. They both go to large branches and trim a large number of branches and groups. If they want to form one, the result is counterproductive. In short, the lightness and weight of pruning vary from tree to tree. The importance of pruning is based on tree vigor, and pruning response is used as a criterion for judging the ultimate goal of achieving a reasonable amount of mu. The importance of trimming is only relative, there is no absolute.
Seventh, the new branch of the old branch
The newly planted saplings have greater vegetative growth than reproductive growth. The focus of management is to expand the crown as quickly as possible, increase the coverage of the entire park as much as possible, cultivate skeletons, and lay a foundation for cultivating high-yield trees. Apple branches are divided into result branches and development branches by nature. After entering the full fruit period, due to the dumping of fruiting sticks, especially the flowering branches of the successive years, the fruit is crowned by pressure, which results in the drooping of the branches and weakens the growth potential. As a result, the ability will decline year by year.
Eight, full tree, half fruit, half tree, full fruit
"Full tree half flower and half tree full fruit" refers to the fact that the number of flowers is less than necessary and the number of flowers is less. This phenomenon has obvious manifestations in various fruit varieties. Since there are such phenomena on various fruits, it is not the inherent characteristics of the varieties but the reasons for management. The direct cause of the phenomenon of "full trees and half trees and half trees full of trees" is the problem of nutrient accumulation.
In the one-year physiological cycle of fruit trees, the nutrients consumed during flowering are relatively largest. In this period, there are no mature leaves on the tree, which cannot carry out photosynthesis and can not produce nutrients. The energy consumed for flowering all comes from the accumulation in the previous year. The nutrient content of the whole tree has a certain limit, and the fertility it bears is also limited. Flowering trees means that they consume more nutrients. When nutrient raising cannot afford so many “childrenâ€, “children†will die due to “lack of milkâ€, leaving only “half-tree fruitsâ€. On the contrary, the flowers in the tree are less, the nutrients consumed are less, the fruit set rate is high, and eventually it will be “full of fruitâ€.
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