1. Do a good job in safety production inspection
The first is to strengthen the safety inspections of the vegetable greenhouses, focusing on the firmness and resistance to wind and snow of the greenhouse walls and framework support structures; the second is to conduct night lighting supplementary lights, leads, circuits, and heaters for heat preservation and heating. Regular inspections, timely maintenance and replacement, to prevent leakage, short circuit, and fire; third, check the stacking management of flammable materials, clean up materials and wastes inside and outside the shed, do a good job in clean production, and do not stack flammable and explosive materials near power sources and fire sources; The fourth is to store chemical fertilizers, pesticides, films and other production materials in a centralized manner; the fifth is to prevent fire hazards caused by heating by open flames, and to safely use pesticides to prevent poisoning; sixth, to equip fire-fighting materials such as fire extinguishers, water sources, and sand; seventh, to prevent wind disasters. Take response and remedial measures for weather disasters such as fire, snow disaster, cold damage, freezing damage, heat damage and waterlogging, as well as man-made injuries such as phytotoxicity and gas poisoning; eighth, check storage facilities such as ginger, potato, sweet potato and the space during the germination operation Ventilation situation.
Two, cope with strong winds and spring cold
In the spring when the weather is warming up, the intrusion of cold air often causes the temperature to drop significantly, forming the weather feature of "warm and cold". It is possible for spring vegetable seedlings, protection of sweet potato and fruit vegetable production, and open field early-maturing vegetable production. Different degrees of "frostbite" are produced, resulting in extreme losses such as rotten roots, dead seedlings, falling flowers and fruits. Special reminders, pay attention to keeping ginger, potato, sweet potato and other storage facilities and have a good space ventilation environment during the germination operation to prevent personnel from suffocating accidents due to hypoxia.
Countermeasures for shed vegetables
1. Do a good job of heat preservation, pay attention to wind and fire prevention. Do not remove the film covering the shed prematurely, and take precautions against strong winds in spring. In spring, there are many winds and strong winds, often combined with cold weather in the spring. Pay attention to strengthen the shed, check whether the shed film is damaged or not. If there is a break, pay attention to repair with adhesive, cover the shed film tightly, and tighten the film line in advance. Prepare mud bags, sandbags, fixed films, and quilts, and check whether the shed film is damaged. In windy weather, the quilts or grass thatch can be placed under the air outlet. Around the greenhouse, weeds, branches, dry leaves, crop stalks and other combustible materials are mainly removed to prevent fires.
2. Raise seedlings in time and pay attention to seedling refinement. Properly postpone vegetable planting and seedling time according to the weather forecast, grab the "cold tail and warm head" after the cold spring, and plant seedlings or transplant them in the field. After the seedlings come out, strengthen the ventilation and refine the seedlings to improve the cold resistance.
3. Ditch planting, pay attention to mulching. When vegetables are planted in early spring, the ditch planting method can be used, and the ditch depth is required to exceed the height of the seedlings, and then the ditch is covered with plastic film to prevent wind and cold.
4. Enhance stress resistance and pay attention to leaf fertilizer. Fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, chitin or alginic acid can be sprayed on the leaf surface to supplement plant nutrition and improve the resistance of vegetables. Vegetables that are blooming and fruiting are harmed by the cold in the early spring, so you can spray Aiduoshou in time Or nucleotide foliar fertilizer to alleviate the harm.
5. Raise the ground temperature and pay attention to cultivating. In the process of production management, pay attention to timely cultivation and hoeing to increase the ground temperature. As the temperature gradually rises in spring, the soil can better absorb and store solar heat after the soil is loosened. Once the cold spring comes, part of the heat has accumulated in the soil. And better alleviate the low temperature hazards. It can also be used for watering in fine weather before the cold current to prevent freezing damage.
3. Countermeasures against snow damage and freezing damage
1. Temporary heating, pay attention to safety
When the temperature in the greenhouse during the day is lower than 15°C and the temperature at night is lower than 5°C, chilling or freezing damage may occur. Take measures to increase temperature when the temperature is below zero to prevent poisoning by harmful gases such as carbon monoxide. During the day, the greenhouse should be ventilated first before entering people.
2. Master fertilization skills, spray foliar fertilizer
Spray antifreeze before the cold wave, such as Tianda 2116, Bihu, etc. Avoid applying high-nitrogen fertilizers during the cold current. Potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers can be used. The leaves can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to increase the sugar content and hardness of the leaf flesh, improve the cold resistance of the plants, and alleviate the degree of freezing damage.
3. Shallowly plough the soil, keep warm and cold
The ground slab is condensed and the heat entering the cultivated layer is restricted during the day. The soil heat storage energy is low. In addition, the compacted soil has large and deep cracks and poor aggregate structure. It is easy to lose heat in the first half of the night, and the temperature in the second half of the night is low, which is easy to cause frost damage. Shallow cultivating while ventilated can break the ground cracks. In this way, the groundwater transpiration can be controlled and the heat can be taken away, and it can also keep warm and cold and protect the seedlings.
4. The ground temperature is low, light water is suitable for light irrigation, and dark irrigation under the film
The use of small drip irrigation under the film can not only meet the water needs of vegetables, but also not excessively reduce the ground temperature and affect the aeration of the soil, so it can effectively solve the contradiction between soil water, air, and heat, which is beneficial to the growth of vegetables.
5. Use more light to bask in the sun, moderate ventilation and lower humidity
When encountering continuous cloudy, rainy, and snowy weather, do not cover straw curtains or heat-preserving quilts for days to keep vegetables in a dark environment, and do not water or spray water pesticides in continuous cloudy weather. The correct approach is to open the grass curtain on the middle shed in the greenhouse every day even if it encounters continuous cloudy, rainy, and snowy weather, so that the vegetables receive scattered light to maintain the normal activity of chlorophyll. Generally, vegetables can be exposed to scattered light for 4-6 hours around noon. On sunny days, when the temperature in the shed rises to 20°C, the middle shed in the large shed should be properly ventilated to maintain the temperature and reduce the humidity in the middle shed to promote the healthy growth of seedlings.
4. Management after freezing and chilling damage
After wintering and early spring production of facility fruits and vegetables encounter cold waves, rain and snow, they are prone to freeze damage and chilling damage due to the long-term continuous low temperature environment. The specific manifestations include dead frozen fruit, hot water-like leaves, drooping, wilting, dead leaf spots, dull leaf color, chlorosis and yellowing, slow growth and stagnation of growth points, topping of melon flowers, difficulty in pollination and fruit setting, falling flowers and falling fruits, Malformed fruit, aggravated disease and other phenomena. After the cold wave, the following management measures are recommended in production management:
1. Renovate the shed to strengthen protection
After the cold wave, rain and snow, carefully check for safety hazards such as damage to the shed film, failure of the roller shutter, deformation and collapse of the shed body, and take remedial measures as soon as possible if the problem is found, and do not take chances to prevent accidents. It is necessary to repair the shed film, increase the coverage, repair the equipment, strengthen the shed body, strengthen the shed warm and heat preservation ability, and prevent the cold damage and freezing damage from further aggravating. It is necessary to use high-quality materials to support and reinforce the shed and trim the shed. Take protective measures and pay attention to safety when involved in operations such as climbing, power lines, etc.
2. Relieve frostbite and improve resistance
The frostbite of the above-ground seedlings needs to be relieved slowly. Remember not to flood with flooding to avoid the frozen seedlings from being stimulated by cold water and the ground temperature drops, causing the seedlings that can be relieved and recovered to die quickly; for the seedlings that are still alive, drip irrigation or drenching can be used. Clean water (groundwater) promotes plant recovery and growth. Topdressing chitin, amino acid and other root-cultivating products after the weather improves 3 to 4 days to promote root regeneration. At the same time, it can also be combined with foliar topdressing to enhance the cold and frost resistance of plants and promote recovery Grow.
3. Adjust measures to local conditions, protect flowers and fruits
After the freezing and chilling damage of the fruits and vegetables in the facility, the impact on the flowers and fruits will be delayed, and the duration will be long and the impact will be large. The management needs to adapt to local conditions and take measures to preserve flowers and fruits. For fruits and vegetables in the flower bud differentiation period, the night temperature can be appropriately increased. The night temperature of temperature-loving vegetables should be kept at about 15°C. The night temperature of other fruits and vegetables should be appropriately increased by 2°C to 3°C than usual to promote the differentiation of flower buds and prevent the occurrence of deformed fruits; For fruits and vegetables in the flowering and fruiting period, it is necessary to properly thin the flowers and fruits to facilitate the growth of branches and avoid premature plant senescence.
4. Organize plants to prevent diseases
After the cold wave, remove the frozen dead branches and leaves and frozen fruits in time to prevent mildew of the frozen tissues and induce gray mold and other weakly invasive diseases. At the same time, control the humidity in the shed and do a good job of regular disease prevention.
5. Rush to harvest and replant, reduce losses
Fruits and vegetables with freezing damage and chilling damage can be harvested and marketed as early as possible for those with commodity value; the vegetables in the damaged facilities should be promptly harvested and transported; if there is a serious shortage of seedlings due to the disaster, the fruit and vegetables or leafy vegetables should be replanted in time according to the situation. Kind of vegetables to minimize economic losses.
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