Currently, it is the golden period for the price of greenhouse vegetables. The focus of greenhouse vegetable management is on heat preservation and water and fertilizer management. It is recommended that vegetable farmers make reasonable plans to ensure vegetable output, optimize plant burden, and increase yield.
Reasonable temperature control and stable environment
As the light increases, the weather becomes warmer, and the temperature rises, the environment of the shed will change accordingly, from the original single insulation to a reasonable control of the temperature of the shed.
First of all, strictly control the temperature, especially the night temperature.
Some new sheds with strong heat preservation are prone to high night temperatures, long plants, slow fruit expansion, and frequent physiological problems. It is recommended that vegetable growers observe the temperature in the shed at the beginning of pulling the shed in time, and adjust it flexibly according to the growth situation. The lowest temperature is controlled at 10-15°C. This is beneficial to the transfer and distribution of the photosynthetic products produced by the leaves during the day, as well as rooting, planting promotion, Conquering the fruit, it can also widen the temperature difference between day and night, reduce respiratory consumption, and control prosperous growth.
Secondly, pay attention to timely adjustment of the reflective film.
In spring, the illumination time is getting longer, the light intensity increases, and the light incident angle changes accordingly. Vegetable farmers should pay attention to adjusting the angle of the reflective film. Keep the lower end of the reflective film away from the back wall so that it can still illuminate the vegetable plants to avoid failure.
The pruning method needs to be adjusted
After the weather turns warmer, the growth of vegetable plants is accelerated, and the vegetable branches and leaves are dense, which reduces the ventilation and light transmission between the rows. Especially the lower part of the plant is easy to form a small closed environment, which affects the color of the fruit and aggravates the occurrence of diseases. Therefore, we must do a good job of pruning and cutting branches in time.
The growth of vegetables is enhanced, and the methods of pruning and vine growth of different vegetables should be adjusted. Cucumbers, loofah and other cucurbit vegetables should be picked in time and vines fallen. Before falling the vine, remove the old leaves from the lower part, and wait until the wound is dry before performing the vine fall. Of course, it can also be carried out at the same time as the vine fall. A single tree first picks the leaves and then falls the vine.
After picking peppers for solanaceous fruits, the ineffective fruiting branches and inner branches should be removed in time. The purpose of removing the branches and leaves in the inner chamber is to avoid the canopy between the plants, enhance the ventilation and light transmission, and at the same time help the fruit to turn color and mature.
The outer branches and leaves of the plant are located in a large space, with good lighting and strong growth. The lateral branches produced on the outer side can be cultivated as fruiting branches.
Reasonable supplementation of nutrients to improve absorption and utilization
Emphasize on the nutritional problems of vegetables in full fruit period. At present, water evaporation is slow and watering intervals are long. In order to ensure plant nutrition, vegetable farmers mostly use water and water with fertilizer. The nutrient supply is sufficient, but symptoms of deficiency will still occur. Therefore, in addition to the supply of vegetable nutrition, more attention should be paid to the problems of absorption and utilization.
The first is to maintain the roots and protect the leaves to ensure the nutrient absorption capacity of the vegetables.
Vegetable leaves and roots have powerful functions to ensure plant nutrition. Therefore, current farming management should pay attention to rooting and leaf protection. In the process of vegetable growth, if the root coefficient is large and the function is strong, a good soil environment should be ensured. Improving the soil environment is reflected in actual production. On the one hand, it is to ensure the air permeability of the soil, ensure proper soil moisture, mulch film arching, and clay soil improvement. These measures can increase the air permeability of the soil to a certain extent. On the other hand, reasonable water and fertilizer supply. Fertilize scientifically to avoid excessive salt accumulation in the soil. Once the saline soil is formed, attention should be paid to improvement. In the process of vegetable growth, the application of organic matter and microbial fertilizer can be used to promote the secondary absorption of fertilizer in the soil and gradually improve the soil. For leaf maintenance, for vegetables in the middle and late stages of growth, the old, weak, sick and stubborn leaves should be removed in a reasonable and orderly manner to reduce the infection of pathogenic bacteria. More importantly, to improve the resistance of vegetable roots and leaves, you can choose to spray up, down wash, alginic acid, humic acid, chitin, and amino acid products. While improving the resistance, it can also play a certain role. The conservation function ensures the absorptive capacity of both.
The second is to ensure proper soil moisture.
The various organs of vegetables can absorb water, but the root system mainly absorbs water, so the water content of the soil is very important in vegetable cultivation. It is recommended that if there are conditions in vegetable cultivation, water-saving irrigation management should be adopted, and a soil moisture detector should be installed in a safe way, so that the soil moisture can be controlled more intuitively and scientifically to meet the needs of normal vegetable growth. It should be noted that when using water-saving irrigation measures such as drip irrigation, watering should be controlled strictly according to the irrigation time. If the ground humidity is judged and the surface appears wet and sticky, it means that the soil has been overwatered and it is not good for vegetables. High-yield cultivation. For sheds that take flood irrigation measures, the amount of watering and watering methods are different for different soil textures. For example, sandy soil has good water permeability. Although excessive watering will not cause root damage, it will leak nutrients in the soil. Dissolve into the deep layers of the soil, causing nutrient loss, and insufficient watering will cause water shortage and wilting; excessive watering of clay soil will cause the ground temperature to rise difficultly, and due to the long-term saturation, the lack of soil air will cause retting. Because of the condition of roots, the suitable watering method for sandy soil is small water and frequent watering, while the watering method for cohesive soil can be a combination of large and small water.
Then spray up and down to make up for full fertilizer. For the vegetables that have entered the fruiting period, nutrients should be supplemented reasonably according to the law of their needs, spraying on top and flushing on the bottom combined with fertilization. Taking pepper as an example, the demand ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:1:10, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is high, which is about 2-2.5 times that of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, we must pay attention to the amount of potassium fertilizer when fertilizing, to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, which will cause plants to grow, yield and quality decline. According to the law that peppers have a large demand for potassium fertilizer after they enter the flowering and fruit period, high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers can be applied along with water. For example, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by cucumber during the fruiting period is 1.2:1:1.5. Unlike solanaceous fruits, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of melons and vegetables enter the flowering and fruit stage. Fruit vegetables should be small. Therefore, when fertilizing melons and vegetables, balanced fertilizers are mainly used. According to the law of fertilizer requirements of melons and vegetables, the demand for potassium in the flowering and fruiting period is increasing, so high-potassium fertilizers can be used interspersed during the period. At the same time, when there is a lack of medium and trace elements, it is recommended to use the method of foliar spray to facilitate quick replenishment.
In addition, the shed has little ventilation, so pay attention to supplementing the carbon source.
When the temperature of the shed room is allowed to be adjusted, gas exchange can be carried out through the tuyere switch, which can effectively supplement the carbon dioxide in the shed room. In the case of poor temperature conditions, carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can be added. There are very mature products on the market, and there are simple carbon dioxide generating bags. After purchase, they can be evenly set in the shed. The other is a large carbon dioxide generator, which is highly intelligent and easy to operate. Replenish the carbon source in the soil. It can be improved by increasing the application of organic fertilizers, such as poultry manure and commercial organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer is a long-lasting carbon fertilizer that slowly releases carbon under the decomposition of microorganisms after being applied to the soil. For vegetable growth, it is recommended to use both long-acting and quick-acting. Regarding the quick-acting properties of water-soluble organic carbon fertilizers, many products have achieved quick-acting goals.
Reasonable retention of fruit and timely picking
Overwintering a large crop of vegetables has a long growth period. Under normal circumstances, there is a price advantage when there is more adversity before the year, and the yield is low. After the year, the plant grows quickly and there is a yield advantage. Therefore, it is not recommended to blindly retain more fruits and exhaust the plants. The signs of "head", premature aging, etc. should also be combined with plant growth and reasonable fruit retention in order to obtain overall high benefits.
Combining plant growth, reasonable fruit retention. Take cucumbers as an example. If the growth is weak, you can leave the melons with 3-4 leaves in the middle, and leave the melons when they are not visible. In this way, the plants will continue to be overdrawn and accelerate the premature aging. With adequate nutrition, malformed fruits are prone to appear, which cannot be sold at high prices, and the gains outweigh the losses. At the same time, don't dip melons in rainy weather, because the photosynthesis of the plants is weak, the organic nutrients synthesized by themselves are less, and the water and minerals absorbed are also less. The young melons are also prone to deformities due to insufficient nutrition. Tomatoes retain around 4 fruits per ear. If the plant grows vigorously, 5 can be kept to ensure that each fruit can expand smoothly and change color to become a high-quality fruit, which is sold at a high price and is highly efficient.
Combine market demand and pick fruits at the right time. Different markets have requirements for fruit maturity and single fruit weight. Therefore, vegetable farmers should pick ripe fruits at the right time according to the requirements of the nearby market. Picking too early, the single fruit is light, the yield is low, and the quality of the fruit is reduced if the picking is too late. For deformed fruits, they are not commercially available, so pick them as soon as possible to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption.
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