Facility greenhouses are increasingly being used in agricultural production, creating favorable conditions for increasing agricultural production and income. How should strawberries, tomatoes and celery be managed during the current season? What should be paid attention to in terms of temperature, light, humidity, fertilizer and water? Zou Zhirong, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, believes that the focus of facility greenhouse management at the end of winter and early spring is heat preservation and light supplementation, temperature control, water and fertilizer management, and pest control. In particular, temperature and humidity control is still the top priority in all aspects of management. And give the following three management suggestions:
The temperature of strawberry cultivation in greenhouses should be well controlled
How much should the temperature of the strawberry greenhouse be controlled? Zou Zhirong said that the average daily temperature of strawberry fruiting season is generally controlled at 5℃-24℃, and the growth is better. After the fruit is set, the temperature should be controlled at 20℃-24℃ during the day and 0℃-15℃ at night, not too low. In cloudy, haze, and snowy weather, ensure that strawberries are properly exposed to the light every day, and the time to see the light can be shorter. For example, on cloudy days, usually after 9 am, it needs to be delayed in case of extreme weather, which can be from 11 am to afternoon. Between 2 o'clock, the humidity should be controlled below 80%.
When strawberries are growing, poor management can easily lead to fruit deformities. One is that the temperature is too low. The way to prevent it is that the temperature cannot be too low, let alone long-term low. The second is poor pollination. If conditions permit, bee pollination can be carried out to increase the fruit setting rate and prevent abnormal growth. The third is fertilizer and water management. As a result, do not use a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the first 10 days, too much can easily cause fruit deformity. Apply more phosphate fertilizer at this time. At the same time, the flowers and fruits should be thinned, 7-8 inflorescences are fine, don't leave too much, it will be deformed easily. Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of gray mold and powdery mildew. Gray mold is mainly caused by low humidity. You can use 80% mancozeb 800 times, sukeling, etc., spray once a week, spray 2-3 times, and at the same time, in order to prevent disease, pay attention to increase the shed.内温度。 Internal temperature. Powdery mildew is mainly caused by temperature and humidity. It can be prevented by fumigating with a suitable amount of sulphur powder in a container, or by using 10% high-grade chemicals.
Tomato management pay attention to temperature, light, water and fertilizer control
Greenhouse tomatoes should be comprehensively managed from three aspects: temperature, light, fertilizer and water. Because tomato is a thermophilic crop, the temperature in the shed cannot be lower than 8°C. If the temperature in the shed appears 4°C-5°C, it can be done in a short time, but problems will easily occur for a long time. The suitable temperature for its growth is generally 22°C-25°C, not more than 30°C.
Light promotes tomato photosynthesis and has a great impact on tomato growth. In case of continuous cloudy, cloudy and snowy days, ensure that you see light every day. If it is sunny, you can see the light properly according to the temperature. At the same time, the humidity should not be too high, otherwise disease will easily occur, so more ventilation is required. Fertilizer and water management should be determined according to the growth of the fruit. In terms of pests and diseases, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of early blight. Low temperature is about 15°C and high humidity is about 80%, which is easy to occur. After the occurrence, the temperature in the shed should be raised in time, and the humidity should be controlled, more ventilation, dehumidification, and prevention of gray mold. Chemical control can be sprayed with 800 times Sukeling, which is similar to strawberry disease control.
Also pay attention to the occurrence of tomato leaf mold. If the humidity is too high to 95%, it is easy to occur. Watering must be specially controlled. The common method of prevention and control is ventilation and dehumidification, plus chemicals for prevention and control. Commonly used chemicals are methyl trophic acid. Pujin, chlorothalonil, etc.
The greenhouse should still pay attention to lighting and supplement light
Generally speaking, greenhouse crops should see more light under the condition of ensuring the temperature. If there is no sunshine for many consecutive days, the quilts should be opened in time every day to see more scattered light; if you need to promote fruit growth, you can also do it. Fill light. At present, the commonly used method of supplement light is to use LED light source to illuminate, and use LED lights that reach a certain light intensity and power. Take tomato as an example, the power of supplement light needs at least 100W, when using a lamp below this value, it will be irradiated. No effect. Also pay attention to the time when supplementing light. The comprehensive supplementary light time in the morning and evening can reach about 4 hours, so as to ensure the yield of tomatoes.
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