Guannan County of Jiangsu Province has explored the characteristics of greenhouse cultivation of plastics in greenhouses, and explored the high-efficiency cultivation mode of watermelon, fucai, green beans, and sauerkraut in the greenhouse. Watermelons in greenhouses are usually raised in mid-January, planted with mulch in late February, and harvested and listed in mid-April; Fucai are sown at the end of June, covered with insect nets in the greenhouse, and marketed in mid-July and late July. Hanging vines began in mid-to-late August, and spinach was harvested in late September for sowing in early November, and harvested in batches around the Spring Festival the following year.
Watermelon cultivation 1. Variety selection Watermelon varieties should have the characteristics of early maturity, easy fruit setting, high quality, and strong disease resistance. Varieties with better production performance include Zaojia, Early Spring Ruby, Te Xiaofeng, Jingxin, etc.
2. After the seeds of seedlings are germinated and exposed to white, use the plug tray substrate to carry out hot-bed seedlings, cover the greenhouse and the small arch shed, and prepare the grass curtain. Pre-emergence high temperature and high humidity to promote germination, that is, watering the planting water, the temperature in the shed during the day is maintained at 28 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, night 18 ℃ to 25 ℃; low temperature control after humidity emergence and rooting, that is, after emergence to the first true Water as little as possible before the leaves unfold. The temperature should be controlled at around 25°C during the day and 15°C to 18°C ​​at night.
3. Planting When the seedlings have 3 to 4 true leaves, they can be planted with plastic film. Spread 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of urea, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. The planting density depends on the variety,
Cultivation of small watermelons is about 800 plants per acre and the plant spacing is about 40 cm; common watermelons are about 600 plants per acre and the plant spacing is about 50 cm. After planting, the planting water is poured to seal the planting hole.
4. Field management timely check and supplement seedlings. During the pollination period, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 25℃～28℃ during the day, and the temperature difference between day and night should be 10℃. The temperature during the day during the swollen melon can be increased to 28℃～32℃, increasing the temperature difference between day and night. After sitting on the fruit, apply compound fertilizer 20-30 kg per mu. Proper watering after spreading vines, control watering during flowering and fruit setting, and increase watering during fruit expansion to keep the field moist. Take the three-vine pruning method, that is, keep the main vine and two strong side vines. The second or third female flower is artificially pollinated to increase the fruit setting rate. After fruit setting, small watermelons leave 2 to 3 melons per plant, while ordinary varieties only leave 1 melon. Epidemic disease can be controlled by antitoxin alum, powdery mildew can be controlled by Fanxiu Ning, leaf blight and anthracnose can be controlled by thiophanate-methyl at the early stage of flowering. Harvest the moderately ripe fruits one after another to improve their commerciality.
The summer climate of Fucai cultivation is hot, and the production of fast-growing leafy vegetables is seriously affected by insect pests. Insect control measures should be taken and scientific management should be carried out to obtain better benefits.
1. Use heat-resistant and fast-growing leafy vegetables such as Lvyou No.1 and heat-resistant green for sowing. The basic fertilizer application method is the same as watermelon. The interval between the two sowings is 10 days, which can extend the harvesting time, each time spreading 500 grams of seeds per acre.
2. The field management shed is covered with a shading net, and four sides are covered with 40-60 mesh insect-proof nets. Carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, etc. are used to prevent diseases, and medication is not used 10 days before harvest. The seedlings are put on the market, and the soil is kept moist during the harvest period.
Green Bean Cultivation 1. Variety Selection Green beans are heat-resistant, low-temperature-resistant, disease-resistant, highly adaptable, have more concentrated pods, and have a high pod setting rate, such as white seed green beans purified by the Lianyungang City Academy of Agricultural Sciences Variety.
2. Seeding is directly on-demand in the late harvest period. Three to four seeds are planted in each hole, the row spacing is 50 to 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 to 25 cm.
3. Field management checks seedlings to fill vacancies, leaving 2 strong seedlings per hole. "Throwing vines" generally uses hemp rope to hang the vines and promptly guide the vines to the shelves. After hanging vines, 10 kg of urea is applied per acre, and the top application of compound fertilizer is mainly used in the flowering and poding stages. Lift and cover the shading net in the early stage, and clean the old diseased leaves in the later stage to ensure the ventilation and light transmittance in the shed, reduce pests and diseases, and increase the rate of pod formation. Before sowing, carbendazim powder can be used for seed dressing, and anthrax can be controlled with chlorothalonil. The tender pods are used as edible parts and are generally harvested about 10 days after flowering.
Spinach cultivation 1. Variety selection Spinach overwintering cultivation is susceptible to low temperature. Choose cold-resistant and bolting-resistant varieties such as Japanese big-leaf spinach.
2. The application method of sowing base fertilizer is the same as watermelon. Use seeding or seeding to sow, cover the soil after sowing and pour enough water.
3. When the field management plant has 3 to 4 true leaves, the field is cultivated. Pouring water once in mid-December to protect moisture and seedlings. The greenhouse is protected from wind and cold in winter. When the spring spinach turns green in the next spring, 25 kg of urea per mu and 20 kg of compound fertilizer are applied in combination with irrigation to promote its growth. Spinach is susceptible to downy mildew during the growth period of the greenhouse, and the film should be exposed to the wind to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. Spinach plants can be harvested when they are 20 to 30 cm tall.
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