During the growth and development of mushrooms, there are often "freak" inferior mushrooms such as malformed mushrooms, pilose mushrooms, and red root mushrooms, which seriously affect the yield and quality of mushrooms. In the end, is the mushroom "freak" caused by cockroaches? According to expert analysis, the main reasons are as follows:
First, the deformed mushroom
Mainly due to poor ventilation, the mushroom room carbon dioxide content of more than 0.3%, prone to deformed mushrooms. The parts of the mushrooms are too deep, and the mushrooms that grow between the coarse soils are often deformed. Precautionary measures should focus on the ventilation of the mushroom house.
Second, the ground mushroom
When the culture material enters the mushroom house, the humidity is too large. When the coarse soil is transferred to the water, the mushroom house is ventilated for too long, and the fine soil is covered too late, the temperature is low, etc., and the pea mushroom is easily produced. Precautionary measures should be carried out with proper amount of water spray and proper ventilation so that the hyphae can be hung above the clay and under the fine soil.
Third, red root mushroom
The cultivation material is sour, the field water is too high in the high temperature stage before the mushroom is produced, the water content of the overburden layer is too large, the glucose is excessively applied, and the ventilation of the mushroom house is easy to cause the red mushroom. For preventive measures, the pH of the culture material should be adjusted, and the moisture content of the soil should be kept at 22%-25%. When high temperature is avoided, the concentration of top dressing should be appropriate.
Four, rust mushroom
In the mushroom house and the surface of the culture material, there is no ventilation and ventilation in time. The humidity in the mushroom house is too large, and small water droplets appear on the surface of the mushroom. After a long time, rust spots will form. Precautions should be opened for 30-60 minutes after ventilation.
Five, empty root white heart mushroom
Too little water spray, the soil layer is dry, the fruit body does not get enough water, and the mushroom stem produces white pith and even hollow. The precautionary measures are mainly to spray water at the right time and at the right time. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is kept above 85%.
Six, hard open mushroom
The temperature difference between day and night reaches 10 °C, or when it is attacked by strong cold air, it will cause the mushroom to open. Precautionary measures, when the temperature suddenly changes, the straw room should be covered with straw curtains to keep the temperature of the mushroom room stable and the humidity is suitable.
Seven, thin skin early open umbrella
The density of the mushroom is too high, the temperature is high, or the humidity is low, the fruit body grows fast and the handle is thin and thin, and the umbrella is opened early. Precautionary measures, pay attention to maintaining the appropriate temperature and humidity of the mushroom house, can effectively prevent the appearance of thin skin early open umbrella mushroom.
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Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.
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