Probiotics, also known as microecological or live bacterial preparations, are a class of active microbial additives. On the one hand, probiotics can be developed, propagated and played a beneficial role in the digestive tract, especially in the intestines, and can promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry, improve feed utilization, reduce the mortality of young poultry and prevent digestive tract. Diseases, improve the body's immunity; on the other hand, relative to the use of antibiotics caused by drug residues, drug-resistant strains and other issues, as a new green additive probiotics, because of its no residue, no pollution and no resistance, etc. With its unique advantages, probiotics have become a promising new feed additive.
Common probiotics
In Japan, probiotics are divided into two categories according to their functions: one is additive type, which is mainly added to young livestock and poultry feed, and can also be used in breeding livestock and poultry feed, with an addition ratio of 0.02% to 0.2%; the other is The veterinary drug type can be used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea.
American A.Matthcrs divides probiotics into two categories according to product form: one is plant morphological culture probiotics, which are mainly used for ruminating livestock to increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the rumen, while single stomach livestock is damaged by stomach acid. The effect is poor in use; the other is the spore-type culture probiotics, which are inactive before being in the intestines by a certain natural protection (β-glucan coating process). Activation of a certain factor in the tract shows activity. Improving the environment can improve the viability of probiotics and has a promising future.
China's Ministry of Agriculture announced 12 feed-grade microbial additives in June 1999, mainly belonging to the following categories:
Lactic acid fungi
Lactobacillus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium, and the like. This is a category that is currently mainly used.
Yeast
Candida, red yeast, brewing yeast, and brewer's yeast.
Bacillus
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus natto.
Light and bacteria
The cells of PSB are non-toxic, nutrient-rich, with a protein content of 64.15%~66.0%, and the amino acid composition is complete. It contains 8 essential amino acids required by the body, and the ratio of various amino acids is reasonable. It has a certain color due to its photosynthetic pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids. The cells also contain a variety of vitamins, especially B vitamins are extremely rich, vitamin B2, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin content is also high, but also contains a large number of carotenoids, coenzyme Q and other physiologically active substances. Therefore, photosynthetic bacteria have a high nutritional value, which is the material basis for aquaculture bait and feed additives in aquaculture.
Probiotic additive use mechanism
Improve intestinal micro-ecological environment
Under normal circumstances, most of the intestines are intrinsic cells (such as Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, etc.), and very few other bacteria (such as Staphylococcus, Haemophilus, etc.). There is a positive phase relationship and a negative phase relationship among various floras. The positive phase effect promotes the development of the population, develops and moves towards the community within a specific environment, while the external phase effect limits or prevents the overexpansion of the population. When these two interactions reach equilibrium, we call it “micro-ecological balanceâ€. However, when certain conditions change, such as physical, chemical or biological changes in the external environment, the body is in a pathological state, the immunity is reduced, and the use of antibiotics may lead to an imbalance in the proportion of colonies in the intestine, at this time spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. Will multiply, reduce the beneficial bacteria, cause micro-ecological disorders, and cause diseases in animals.
When the probiotic enters the digestive tract, on the one hand, it consumes a large amount of oxygen in the intestine through growth and reproduction to capture the growth conditions of other oxygen-type bacteria; on the other hand, the probiotics produce some substances by themselves to inhibit the growth of other harmful bacteria. For example, lactic acid bacteria decompose sugar to produce lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast to produce ethanol, etc., all inhibit the growth of other bacteria, so that the beneficial bacteria in the intestine regain the dominant position and establish a good microbial population.
Enhance animal immune function
Enhancing intestinal beneficial bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria, promotes the immune system of animals and plays an important role in specific cellular and humoral immunity as well as non-specific immunity (phagocytosis and complement response). For example, Lactobacillus subtilis can act as a form of immunoregulatory factor, stimulating intestinal localized immune response, and greatly improving the body's antibody level and macrophage activity. That is, probiotics can be used as antigens to produce corresponding antibodies. In turn, the enhancement of immune function plays an important role in maintaining and promoting the number of intestinal flora.
Treatment of cow mastitis
The veterinary clinic uses isochelin and epinephrine to increase the local blood concentration to achieve the purpose of killing harmful bacteria. However, due to the slow release rate of penicillin, it is difficult to achieve an effective blood concentration in a short period of time, so it can only be applied to non-acute, non-severe infections. Because this product contains penicillin G potassium for injection, it can produce high blood concentration in the inflammation in a short time, which not only expands its indication, but also can reduce the production of drug-resistant strains. At the same time, the active ingredient An Nai has a good therapeutic effect on the hot pain symptoms of mastitis.
The prescriptions used in this product are commonly used in veterinary clinics. The cost is low and the price is moderate. It has been proved by clinical trials that there is no side effect in this case. Therefore, this product is very safe, the side effects are extremely low, and it is injected once every 4 days to 5 days, which greatly saves manpower and financial resources, and is worthy of popularization and application in veterinary clinic.
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