The difficulty of mechanized harvesting is the bottleneck that restricts the international competitiveness of China's rapeseed industry and affects the stable and sustainable development of rapeseed planting area. On May 27th, it was learned from the on-site mechanized production observation meeting of rapeseed held in Shanghai that under the effective organization of the national rapeseed industry technical system and the strong support of the national public welfare industry science and technology, China's rapeseed science and technology workers have undergone many years of multidisciplinary research. Collaborative research has successfully overcome the three technical difficulties of machine harvesting, machine-receiving equipment and supporting agronomic technology, and provided strong technical support for the mechanized production of rapeseed in China.
The observation meeting was co-sponsored by the National Rape Industry Technical System and the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, and undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Oil and Gas Institute and the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. At the scene, the new variety of rapeseed, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting, Zhongshuang No. 11 stands upright in the field, and the ripe rapeseed pods are heavily covered with branches. I saw several harvesters slowly advancing, neatly smashing the Zhongshuang 11 into the stomach and spit out the rapeseed, and the straw was broken into pieces and scattered in the ground. According to the investigation and statistics on the spot, under the condition of mechanical direct broadcast, the yield per mu reached 303 kg, and the loss rate of harvested rapeseed was 4.11%, which was 30% lower than that of common rape varieties. It was the first in the world to achieve low poly-cooking conditions. Loss of rapeseed mechanized harvest.
At the site of the machine, Zhongshuang 11 showed high resistance to lodging and sclerotinia, strong anti-cracking angle, and medium and short plant height, which effectively overcome the loss rate of rapeseed caused by easy cracking angle during general mechanized harvesting. High, due to plant lodging and high plant height, resulting in difficult mechanical harvesting operations, etc., is currently the most suitable rapeseed variety in China, cultivated by the breeding team headed by Wang Hanzhong, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Around the Zhongshuang 11 and other suitable varieties, the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Oil Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University and other units actively carry out research on agro-technical equipment and supporting agronomic techniques. Through the application of self-developed harvesting machinery and supporting cultivation technology, it is observed that a harvester harvests 5-8 mu of rapeseed per hour, which is more than 40 times higher than the artificial harvest, and the old model or the general rapeseed harvesting machine before the improvement. Compared with the improvement of work efficiency by more than 2 times, the successful application of the machine harvesting variety, the machine harvesting agronomic technology and the machine receiving equipment has been successfully realized.
In recent years, the safety situation of edible oil supply in China has become increasingly severe. The self-sufficiency rate of edible oil consumption is only about 40%, and rapeseed oil in self-sufficient edible oil accounts for 57%. The stable and sustainable development of rapeseed production plays a decisive role in the safety of national edible oil supply. However, the low degree of mechanization of rapeseed production and high labor costs have severely restricted the efficiency of rapeseed production and the enthusiasm of farmers. Therefore, vigorously promoting the new technology of mechanized harvesting of rapeseed is of great significance for significantly improving the production efficiency and international competitiveness of rapeseed in China, increasing farmers' income, and ensuring the safety of national edible oil supply.
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