Second, agronomic technology
1. Whether wheat no-tillage sowing will not reduce the production For a long time people are accustomed to the traditional farming methods, now suddenly have to break this convention; promote no-tillage sowing. People will inevitably have a concern first. Whether wheat can be sown without tillage will not reduce the output of wheat? Now we analyze and illustrate this issue in several ways.
First, wheat no-tillage sowing is to break through the traditional farming methods, through a new type of agricultural machinery to complete a straw residue processing, loose soil trenching, sowing fertilization, covering earth pressure and other multiple farming procedures, and finally the formation of all straw return Coverage, concentrated deep fertilization and wheat sulphation are comprehensive technologies that integrate multiple stimulation measures. It should be said that it has no reason to cut production at all. To further analyze, one is to return straw. It is a long-term technical measure to apply organic manure (substance) to soil, increase organic matter content, enhance microbial communities, improve soil physical and chemical properties and fertility. It goes without saying that the land will grow richer and more productive, and maintain sustainable high yields; the second is straw mulch. Since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", there have been many studies on straw cover effect across the country, and it is a well-recognized water-saving and production-increasing measure. However, due to the difficulty of operation and the failure to form a production technology, the wheat no-tillage planter has effectively solved this problem; the third is concentrated deep fertilization. This is an increase in fertilization fertilizer utilization of fertilizer technology, but also because of the difficulty of operation and application is not universal; wheat no-tillage sowing fertilizer machine to solve this problem; the fourth is the wheat sorghum. Wheat sorghum sowing was a measure of increasing wheat yield as early as the late 1970s and 1980s, and it had a certain extension area. The agronomic effects of irrigated farmland and non-irrigated farmland, whether in high fertile land or in The low-yield, thin-lying land and the sewer-growing are significantly more productive than the sowing. It is a comprehensive and effective measure of water-saving, drought-resisting, cold-avoiding and alkali-proof.
Through the above analysis, wheat no-tillage sowing technology should not cause wheat production reduction.
Second, no-tillage is an effective protection of land and the environment. At present, Western countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia are quite common and have become a major trend in the world's farming. According to statistics, the United States no-tillage sowing an average of one acre (0.405 hectares, 6.07 acres) increased by 4,000 US dollars (savings and increase production).
Thirdly, China Agricultural University and other provinces in Shanxi Province have had nine years of mechanized conservation tillage system tests (one year for each area). Compared with traditional tillage, conservation tillage has increased the yield of wheat and corn by an average of 15 to 17%. Shanxi Province has demonstrated and promoted 31 counties in 2001, covering an area of ​​more than 1.5 million mu.
Fourth, we can see from the trials of conservation tillage in our district.
In short, no matter from the theoretical analysis, or at home and abroad and our district's experimental practice proves that wheat no-tillage sowing will not result in reduced production.
2. After no-tillage sowing has been implemented, there are special requirements for agronomic practices. After the cultivation methods are changed, agronomic measures must be changed accordingly. Some points raised in the current understanding:
(1) The fertilizer applied at the end must be high-concentration granular compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer. The effective content of N, P and K must be above 40%. For wheat, it is necessary to select compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers that highlight phosphate fertilizers. The amount of mu 40 to 50 kg.
(2) No-tillage sowing of plant diseases and insect pests may be heavier. Special attention must be paid to the control of diseases and insect pests, which must be strengthened at the time of sowing. Therefore, seed dressing seed dressing is emphasized, that is, no-tillage sowing emphasizes the use of coated seeds.
(3) Wheat no-tillage sowing is not recommended due to the fact that it is easy to cause repression, so it is recommended to pour winter water.
(4) Watering can be changed to a form of pouring in a place that is habitually poured. If the plot is too large to see ground conditions, see the lateral channels to ensure the quality of irrigation.
3. How to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests in conservation tillage is one of the most important aspects of conservation tillage techniques. It mainly relies on chemical drugs to prevent diseases, insects, birds, beasts and frost from damaging crops. Must use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemicals, use advanced and reliable spraying equipment, and adopt safe and reasonable methods of application. The first one is to make predictions on the pests and diseases of the field plots; the second is to coat or mix the seeds; the third is to spray the crops according to the crop growth during the seedling stage.
4. How to prevent and control weeds for conservation tillage Firstly, chemicals are used for prevention or weeding; second, mechanical weeding is carried out in combination with operations such as shallow pines and loquats.
5. What are the technical requirements for protective tillage application? (1) According to the situation of past weeds, pests and insects, a reasonable formula, timely fight drugs;
(2) The agent is evenly mixed, and the rate of re-spray and spray is ≤ 5%;
(3) Pay attention to weather changes before work and pay attention to the direction of the wind;
(4) Check in time to prevent nozzles and pipes from plugging.
6. Selection and use of chemical herbicides Herbicide formulations mainly include emulsions, granules and microgranules. Chemical herbicides can be applied before or after seeding, but also during the early and late stages of post-emergence crop growth. . Herbicides are applied to soil before or before emergence to control weeds early. Application of herbicides before sowing is usually done by mixing the herbicides into the soil and applying a combination of herbicides and ripper to work together. It is also possible to loosen the soil with loose soil components after application. Herbicides are applied before sowing after sowing and are generally combined with sowing operations. The herbicide device is located after the planter and the herbicide is applied to the soil surface. After the crop emerges, the herbicide can be sprayed on the weeds during its growth. The weeds at the seedling stage can also be combined with the seedlings and removed manually.
7. How to master the wheat watering period and implement water-saving irrigation Due to the promotion of wheat water-saving and high-yield cultivation techniques, the number of irrigation times and irrigation volume of wheat has been significantly reduced, but there is still a large water-saving potential in production. It is perfectly possible to reduce the amount of water by about 1 at the current level of watering, especially for wheat that is sown with no tillage. The most critical irrigation period of wheat in the growth period is the first spring in the spring. Under normal circumstances, as long as the previous measures do not go wrong, watering is not required before the jointing of wheat. During the watering period, according to the condition of the seedlings at that time, the time can be appropriately delayed in advance. The time ranges from the late stage of getting up (early water drawing) to the flag leaf tip (late drawing water). The stronger the seedlings are, the bigger the group is, and the longer it will be delayed. Weak seedlings and small groups (sometimes due to special meteorological reasons) may be advanced in advance. Its main purpose is to promote the efforts of the root system to lower down, cultivate root structures that are developed from top to bottom, adjust the rational development of groups, and avoid the premature decline of medium-term and late-stage greediness. The critical period of the second water is before and after wheat heading and flowering, depending on the condition of the seedlings and the weather, the time range from the flag to the end of flowering. Under normal circumstances, the two waters can be poured. In case of drought in the later period, it can be filled with grouting water again. Sprinkler irrigation can visualize the amount of water per mu in the middle plus spray 1-2 water. Soils where the soil is not practicable, where the amount of straw returned is too large, or where the soil is too viscous, can be frozen (including no-tillage sowing) as appropriate.
8. No-till, less tillage sowing techniques No-tillage sowing: Use a no-tillage sowing machine to complete one-off trenching, fertilization, sowing, earth covering and repression operations; sowing and sowing: the necessary surface operations Pine) sowing.
9. What are the technical requirements for no-tillage sowing? (1) Seeding rate: The average sowing rate of spring corn is 1.5-3kg; The average sowing volume of summer corn is 2～3.5kg; The rate of semi-precision sowing is ≥90% ;
(2) Depth of sowing: The sowing depth is generally controlled at 4 to 6 cm, and the sowing depth in sand and arid areas is appropriately increased by 1 to 2 cm;
(3) Fertilization depth: generally 10 ~ 15cm (fertilizer application), that is, 5 ~ 10cm below the seed.
10. What are the technical requirements for wheat no-tillage sowing? (1) Seeding rate: The sowing amount of winter wheat per mu should be determined according to the specific situation. Generally, the per mu sowing amount of irrigated land is 10-15kg; the average sowing amount of spring wheat is 18-20kg;
(2) Depth of sowing: The depth of sowing is generally 4-5 cm, the seeds are evenly distributed and covered closely.
11. What are the considerations for the selection of crop seeds? The requirement is that the seed has a purity of not less than 98%, a purity of not less than 97%, and a germination rate of more than 95%.
Before sowing, the seeds used should be seed dressing or soaking.
12. What are the herbicides suitable for conservation tillage? Commonly used weed cutters for wheat: Before weeding, we can use new herbicides such as Xinyanling, Oatsweal, Oats and other herbicides; before sowing, we can use green Mailong, Isoproturon, and Xinyan. Ling herbicides such as gabbinamine; herbicides such as isoproturon, humerus, valerian, oat adversary, Xinyanling, 2 A 4 ammonia, 2, 4 D butyl, bentazone, isoproturon etc. herbicide.
Commonly used herbicides for corn: Herbicides such as glyphosate, Jadegrass, paraquat, etc. can be used before sowing; Sauzijin, Pulebao, Dole, Pua, Yia, Dinga, Weeding Tong, 2,4-D, make it long, herbicides and other herbicides; seedlings can choose to use jade fertilizer, grass Jingjin and other herbicides.
1. Whether wheat no-tillage sowing will not reduce the production For a long time people are accustomed to the traditional farming methods, now suddenly have to break this convention; promote no-tillage sowing. People will inevitably have a concern first. Whether wheat can be sown without tillage will not reduce the output of wheat? Now we analyze and illustrate this issue in several ways.
First, wheat no-tillage sowing is to break through the traditional farming methods, through a new type of agricultural machinery to complete a straw residue processing, loose soil trenching, sowing fertilization, covering earth pressure and other multiple farming procedures, and finally the formation of all straw return Coverage, concentrated deep fertilization and wheat sulphation are comprehensive technologies that integrate multiple stimulation measures. It should be said that it has no reason to cut production at all. To further analyze, one is to return straw. It is a long-term technical measure to apply organic manure (substance) to soil, increase organic matter content, enhance microbial communities, improve soil physical and chemical properties and fertility. It goes without saying that the land will grow richer and more productive, and maintain sustainable high yields; the second is straw mulch. Since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", there have been many studies on straw cover effect across the country, and it is a well-recognized water-saving and production-increasing measure. However, due to the difficulty of operation and the failure to form a production technology, the wheat no-tillage planter has effectively solved this problem; the third is concentrated deep fertilization. This is an increase in fertilization fertilizer utilization of fertilizer technology, but also because of the difficulty of operation and application is not universal; wheat no-tillage sowing fertilizer machine to solve this problem; the fourth is the wheat sorghum. Wheat sorghum sowing was a measure of increasing wheat yield as early as the late 1970s and 1980s, and it had a certain extension area. The agronomic effects of irrigated farmland and non-irrigated farmland, whether in high fertile land or in The low-yield, thin-lying land and the sewer-growing are significantly more productive than the sowing. It is a comprehensive and effective measure of water-saving, drought-resisting, cold-avoiding and alkali-proof.
Through the above analysis, wheat no-tillage sowing technology should not cause wheat production reduction.
Second, no-tillage is an effective protection of land and the environment. At present, Western countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia are quite common and have become a major trend in the world's farming. According to statistics, the United States no-tillage sowing an average of one acre (0.405 hectares, 6.07 acres) increased by 4,000 US dollars (savings and increase production).
Thirdly, China Agricultural University and other provinces in Shanxi Province have had nine years of mechanized conservation tillage system tests (one year for each area). Compared with traditional tillage, conservation tillage has increased the yield of wheat and corn by an average of 15 to 17%. Shanxi Province has demonstrated and promoted 31 counties in 2001, covering an area of ​​more than 1.5 million mu.
Fourth, we can see from the trials of conservation tillage in our district.
In short, no matter from the theoretical analysis, or at home and abroad and our district's experimental practice proves that wheat no-tillage sowing will not result in reduced production.
2. After no-tillage sowing has been implemented, there are special requirements for agronomic practices. After the cultivation methods are changed, agronomic measures must be changed accordingly. Some points raised in the current understanding:
(1) The fertilizer applied at the end must be high-concentration granular compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer. The effective content of N, P and K must be above 40%. For wheat, it is necessary to select compound fertilizers or compound fertilizers that highlight phosphate fertilizers. The amount of mu 40 to 50 kg.
(2) No-tillage sowing of plant diseases and insect pests may be heavier. Special attention must be paid to the control of diseases and insect pests, which must be strengthened at the time of sowing. Therefore, seed dressing seed dressing is emphasized, that is, no-tillage sowing emphasizes the use of coated seeds.
(3) Wheat no-tillage sowing is not recommended due to the fact that it is easy to cause repression, so it is recommended to pour winter water.
(4) Watering can be changed to a form of pouring in a place that is habitually poured. If the plot is too large to see ground conditions, see the lateral channels to ensure the quality of irrigation.
3. How to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests in conservation tillage is one of the most important aspects of conservation tillage techniques. It mainly relies on chemical drugs to prevent diseases, insects, birds, beasts and frost from damaging crops. Must use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemicals, use advanced and reliable spraying equipment, and adopt safe and reasonable methods of application. The first one is to make predictions on the pests and diseases of the field plots; the second is to coat or mix the seeds; the third is to spray the crops according to the crop growth during the seedling stage.
4. How to prevent and control weeds for conservation tillage Firstly, chemicals are used for prevention or weeding; second, mechanical weeding is carried out in combination with operations such as shallow pines and loquats.
5. What are the technical requirements for protective tillage application? (1) According to the situation of past weeds, pests and insects, a reasonable formula, timely fight drugs;
(2) The agent is evenly mixed, and the rate of re-spray and spray is ≤ 5%;
(3) Pay attention to weather changes before work and pay attention to the direction of the wind;
(4) Check in time to prevent nozzles and pipes from plugging.
6. Selection and use of chemical herbicides Herbicide formulations mainly include emulsions, granules and microgranules. Chemical herbicides can be applied before or after seeding, but also during the early and late stages of post-emergence crop growth. . Herbicides are applied to soil before or before emergence to control weeds early. Application of herbicides before sowing is usually done by mixing the herbicides into the soil and applying a combination of herbicides and ripper to work together. It is also possible to loosen the soil with loose soil components after application. Herbicides are applied before sowing after sowing and are generally combined with sowing operations. The herbicide device is located after the planter and the herbicide is applied to the soil surface. After the crop emerges, the herbicide can be sprayed on the weeds during its growth. The weeds at the seedling stage can also be combined with the seedlings and removed manually.
7. How to master the wheat watering period and implement water-saving irrigation Due to the promotion of wheat water-saving and high-yield cultivation techniques, the number of irrigation times and irrigation volume of wheat has been significantly reduced, but there is still a large water-saving potential in production. It is perfectly possible to reduce the amount of water by about 1 at the current level of watering, especially for wheat that is sown with no tillage. The most critical irrigation period of wheat in the growth period is the first spring in the spring. Under normal circumstances, as long as the previous measures do not go wrong, watering is not required before the jointing of wheat. During the watering period, according to the condition of the seedlings at that time, the time can be appropriately delayed in advance. The time ranges from the late stage of getting up (early water drawing) to the flag leaf tip (late drawing water). The stronger the seedlings are, the bigger the group is, and the longer it will be delayed. Weak seedlings and small groups (sometimes due to special meteorological reasons) may be advanced in advance. Its main purpose is to promote the efforts of the root system to lower down, cultivate root structures that are developed from top to bottom, adjust the rational development of groups, and avoid the premature decline of medium-term and late-stage greediness. The critical period of the second water is before and after wheat heading and flowering, depending on the condition of the seedlings and the weather, the time range from the flag to the end of flowering. Under normal circumstances, the two waters can be poured. In case of drought in the later period, it can be filled with grouting water again. Sprinkler irrigation can visualize the amount of water per mu in the middle plus spray 1-2 water. Soils where the soil is not practicable, where the amount of straw returned is too large, or where the soil is too viscous, can be frozen (including no-tillage sowing) as appropriate.
8. No-till, less tillage sowing techniques No-tillage sowing: Use a no-tillage sowing machine to complete one-off trenching, fertilization, sowing, earth covering and repression operations; sowing and sowing: the necessary surface operations Pine) sowing.
9. What are the technical requirements for no-tillage sowing? (1) Seeding rate: The average sowing rate of spring corn is 1.5-3kg; The average sowing volume of summer corn is 2～3.5kg; The rate of semi-precision sowing is ≥90% ;
(2) Depth of sowing: The sowing depth is generally controlled at 4 to 6 cm, and the sowing depth in sand and arid areas is appropriately increased by 1 to 2 cm;
(3) Fertilization depth: generally 10 ~ 15cm (fertilizer application), that is, 5 ~ 10cm below the seed.
10. What are the technical requirements for wheat no-tillage sowing? (1) Seeding rate: The sowing amount of winter wheat per mu should be determined according to the specific situation. Generally, the per mu sowing amount of irrigated land is 10-15kg; the average sowing amount of spring wheat is 18-20kg;
(2) Depth of sowing: The depth of sowing is generally 4-5 cm, the seeds are evenly distributed and covered closely.
11. What are the considerations for the selection of crop seeds? The requirement is that the seed has a purity of not less than 98%, a purity of not less than 97%, and a germination rate of more than 95%.
Before sowing, the seeds used should be seed dressing or soaking.
12. What are the herbicides suitable for conservation tillage? Commonly used weed cutters for wheat: Before weeding, we can use new herbicides such as Xinyanling, Oatsweal, Oats and other herbicides; before sowing, we can use green Mailong, Isoproturon, and Xinyan. Ling herbicides such as gabbinamine; herbicides such as isoproturon, humerus, valerian, oat adversary, Xinyanling, 2 A 4 ammonia, 2, 4 D butyl, bentazone, isoproturon etc. herbicide.
Commonly used herbicides for corn: Herbicides such as glyphosate, Jadegrass, paraquat, etc. can be used before sowing; Sauzijin, Pulebao, Dole, Pua, Yia, Dinga, Weeding Tong, 2,4-D, make it long, herbicides and other herbicides; seedlings can choose to use jade fertilizer, grass Jingjin and other herbicides.
In agriculture, Estrous Synchronization is used (particularly in the dairy and beef industries) to facilitate breeding by artificial insemination. We have Progesterone Injection, Cloprostenol Sodium Injection and Testerone Propionate Injection and Estradiol Benzoate to solve farmers' different difficultites in aninal 's estrous synchronization.
Estrus Synchronization Medicine
Estrus Synchronization Medicine,Chorionic Gonadotropin for Animals,Estrous Synchronization,Estrus Synchronization for Vet
Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products Inc. , http://www.jxinstitute.com