Process I: Classification and roughing of raw hides. The leather with the value of tanning is classified according to the thinness of the skin, the presence or absence of disability, and the skin. Then remove the economic value of the skin (such as: head, legs, claws, tail, large meat, etc.) to reduce the occupied space of the next process.
Process II: Inundation softens. This process is mainly for the skin, or local dry skin. Fully immersed in water to keep it fresh.
Process III: Degreasing. This process is to remove the oil stains in the hide. Degreasing is best performed in warm water. This process must be clean and it will have a direct impact on the quality of all the following processes.
Process 4: Go to the meat. It is to remove excess flesh except the dermis on the skin. The key to the procedure is to remove the flesh and not to hurt the skin.
Process 5: Further degreasing. This process is mainly aimed at the skin of large oil, and some oil-bearing herbivorous animals may eliminate this process. It's best to do it in warm water this time. Do not degreasing for too long.
Process 6: Cut meat thinly. This procedure is for skins that are thick in the dermis and cannot be removed during the meat removal process. Through this processing, the skin plate reaches the required thickness.
Process VII: enzyme softening. By enzymatic catalysis, the skin plate is further rejuvenated, further removing the interstitial matter, decomposing the oil inside the skin plate, loosening the skin fibers, and creating conditions for tanning.
Process 8: Pickling. The purpose of this procedure is to loosen the skin fibers further and create suitable pH values ​​for some tanning processes.
Process IX: Tanning. This is the main process. In this process, the skin plate is fully absorbed by the tincture, which makes the skin plate become loose, soft, with contraction force, and high binding fastness of the hair plate. There are many methods of tanning, and they all have their own characteristics and effects.
Process 10: Wash. This time, the water wash will be quick, and the extra chemical materials in the skin and wool will be washed off to achieve the goal.
Process XI: Fatliquoring. Since the grease in the skin has been removed in the previous process, the skin will become rough without stretching after drying. At this time, we must add some fatliquors that can promote the skin to spread without damaging the skin. Make the skin more stretchable.
Process 12: Finishing process. Through shoveling soft, rotating cages, rotating drums, and extending equal work, the skins are well-arranged and tied into storage.
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilisation or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process[1] that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation.[2] This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.[3]
Freeze drying results in a high quality product because of the low temperature used in processing.[1] The original shape of the product is maintained and quality of the rehydrated product is excellent.[4] Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee) and preservation.[1]
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