First, the requirements of growing environmental conditions
1. Temperature: Ginger originates in a tropical and rainy forest zone. It requires a warm and humid climate. Its optimum temperature for growth and development is 25°C～32°C. Less than 15°C or higher than 35°C is unfavorable for growth and development.
2. Illumination: It is necessary to have sunlight and long days of sun. In the period of July to August, under high temperature and strong light, without leaves, the leaves will easily wither and die.
3. Moisture: Ginger's root system is underdeveloped and its ability to resist drought is weak. Wet soil is needed. Waterlogging should be prevented at the same time to avoid rot.
4. Soil: Sandy loam requiring more humus and fertile soil.
Second, key technologies for high-yield cultivation
1. Choose the land. Jiang Di should choose land in the south, north, loose and fertile, and convenient irrigation and drainage of rice, peanuts, sweet potatoes or newly reclaimed land. For sandy soils that are warm, cool in summer, shorter in summer, and more humus in summer, optimal.
2. Select good seed and ginger treatment. The currently cultivated "Pears, Zingiber" varieties with high quality (fertile, aromatic), high yield, and high-efficiency varieties are ideal varieties. Before the selection, it was requested that the ginger culm was green before the season, and no "ginger pods" occurred. The conditions for cultivating ginger should be ellipse shape, short internodes, hypertrophy, fresh color, and no pests and diseases.
In the annual "winter solstice" harvest of the old and middle-aged ginger to be planted in spring next year ginger seed, generally after 2 to 3 months of preservation period, in this period to do a good job of storage and insulation work, storage methods are cave seal Place or sand cover. Ginger seeds are sunned for 24 to 48 hours before sowing, so as to reduce moisture, kill germs, enhance water absorption ability of ginger, and promote ginger sprouts to increase germination potential. Pharmacological disinfection: Before planting, soaking ginger for 0.7 minutes with 0.7% Bordeaux mixture can effectively kill the "Ginger" bacterium.
3. Strengthen management of ginger gardens (1) Early land preparation. The year before the winter of planting ginger is to deepen the soil. Before sowing, it is necessary to carry out fine work, generally 1 meter wide, 0.20 meter high, and open seeding ditch in the surface.
(2) timely sowing, rational close planting. According to the local climatic conditions, the "spring equinox - Ching Ming" solar season is suitable time for planting ginger. High-altitude mountainous areas can be postponed until the "grain rain" sowing.
Sowing specifications are generally 0.40 to 0.45 meters row spacing, plant spacing 0.25 meters, acres of Ginger seed amount of 225 kilograms, acres of ginger seed must have 3500 to 4000, each ginger weight to 0.005 to 0.01 kg is better.
(3) Rational fertilization. Apply base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, long and short-term fertilizer. Basal fertilizer generally accounts for 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. Before sowing, 15 kg of imported compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be used as deep basal fertilizer for each mu. After sowing, it is best to use high-quality soil fertilizer, dried cow dung or mushroom soil cover species. Conditional farmers can cover rice straw after sowing to achieve the purpose of moisturizing, preventing weeds and promoting growth.
On the basis of applying basal fertilizer, the top dressing is done a small number of times, and NPK is used in combination. The seedling stage is dominated by light and light fertilizers, and the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased in the middle and late stages of rapid expansion of ginger. Ginger has two important fertilization periods in its life. First, it enters the fourth period from the Sun ginger period. It is the peak period of absorption of ginger in the lifetime. The absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 52.5%, 12.5%, and 30.5%, respectively. , this time about June; the second is from August to September, the climate turns cool, the temperature difference between day and night is big, this is the gold anti-segment section of rapid expansion of ginger, to use rainy days to increase the amount of fertilizer, the key to the second fertilizer should be used The application of imported compound fertilizer plus urea is good. In fertilizing, it is better to use water if it is too dry.
(4) Scientific management of water. Ginger must keep the soil moist throughout its growth, neither too dry nor watering. Therefore, the method of ginger water management is generally to keep the soil surface dry after sowing, in order to increase soil temperature and promote seedling emergence. After emergence and before harvesting, the soil cannot be arid. In particular, July-September is the time when ginger grows vigorously. If the weather is dry, drought should be promptly provided. Drought resistance can be performed in the morning or evening or combined with fertilization and irrigation, or water irrigation, but the depth of irrigation should not exceed the height of the underground stem, try to avoid round, string irrigation, especially individual plants have occurred "Ginger" field, irrigation, flooding easy The spread of germs, in addition, should be done during the entire growth period, especially in spring.
(5) Do a good job of weeding soil. After the ginger is planted, when about 5% to 10% of the ginger sprouts in the field are exposed on the soil surface, the chemical herbicide should be taken in a timely manner for spraying. Per acre glyphosate 450 ~ 600 ml of water plus 50 ~ 60 kg of liquid medicine to control weeds, reproduction, can achieve the provincial labor effect. In the middle and late stages of ginger growth, weeds are used for weeding and weeding.
(6) Strengthen ginger pest control. The pests that injured ginger were registered as "Jiangyan", "Diao", "Bacterial Blight" and "Striped Jumping A". In order to grasp the prevention and control of pests and diseases of ginger, agricultural measures should be taken as the main method, and prevention and control should be adopted.
"Jiangyan", also known as rot disease, is the biggest threat to the high and stable production of ginger. "Jiangyan" is a bacterial disease. The pathogenic bacteria live in the soil and in the roots for the winter and can survive in the soil for more than two years. It is mainly transmitted by irrigation water and underground pests. The disease has a wide prevalence, rapid development, and heavy damage. It can occur from the sprouting of sprouted ginger to the harvesting of ginger. This disease occurs in high temperature, rainy, and paddy fields.
Prevention and control of "Jiangyan" measures are mainly the use of disease-free ginger, convenient drainage of the land, good ginger disinfection, the implementation of high-ridge cultivation, pay attention to soil, shade, increase potassium fertilizer, implement rotation and other measures. At the same time, strengthen the ginger garden inspection, find the diseased plants, timely excavate and burn, and disinfect with lime in the ginger acupoint; pay attention to strengthen the water, prevent the spread of hydrophytes, and use the Bole multi-liquid or doconenamine during the whole reproductive period Spray 3 to 4 times.
In the period of occurrence, "cocoons" were treated with 90% trichlorfon and insecticidal agents.
"Bacterial blight" at the beginning of the occurrence of "sputum cream" prevention and treatment.
(7) Proper shading coverage to facilitate more summers and increase production. Jiang Xiyin was afraid of the direct sun, scattering light is most beneficial to growth. The high summer temperatures and strong sunshine make it extremely unfavorable for ginger to pass through the summer. It is necessary to do a good job of shade coverage, especially in low-altitude plain villages where the geothermal heat is flat, high temperatures and strong sunshine are important. Intercropping corn shoots, etc., or shading. The shed is 1.5 meters high and is planted with melons, allowing the vine leaves to spread onto the shed for shade. At the same time, the straw is covered between the rows of ginger to increase soil moisture.
In addition, in the process of ginger cultivation, we can take extra-root fertilizer, such as auxin, trace fertilizer, and other effective measures to promote the healthy growth of ginger.
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