To raise crabs in Putian, Putian not only provides a suitable living and growing environment for crabs, but also provides them with food organisms. Conversely, it is also advantageous for lotus roots. The first is that river crabs can eat Tanaka part. Weeds and pests play a role in artificial weeding and biological pest management. Second, crab crawling activities and uptake of benthic organisms act to loosen the soil and promote the growth of the entire lotus plant. Third, the excrement of crabs contains nitrogen. Phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers have played a role in increasing fertilizer. In short, the crabs in Putian have the characteristics of symbiosis between oysters and crabs. In order to enable the crabs to grow rapidly in the paddy field, to reach the commodity specifications during the rearing period and obtain a high rate of return, the following work must be done solidly.
First, Putian choice
Cultivated river crabs should be selected from paddy fields where the environment is quiet, light and water are sufficient, the water quality is fresh, pollution-free, drainage and irrigation are convenient, and they are not affected by rainstorms and floods. The best flat paddy fields are selected. The plots should be selected for convenient transportation and convenient management. The selection of clay soil for paddy soil is beneficial to both water conservation and crab escape. Each hill area requires 5 acres to 10 acres. Try to choose paddy fields with rich organic matter, which is extremely beneficial to the growth of alfalfa and aquatic plants.
Second, Putian crab facilities
1. Dig a crab ditch along the inner side of the ridge to dig a ditch around the middle and dig into a "10" or "well" shaped crab ditch. The depth of the ditch is 1m and the width is 2m. The ridge is 2m from the ring ditch. The soil excavated at the bottom of the trench is used to raise the field till 50cm to 100cm. The earth excavated from the "10" shape ditch is placed directly on the edge of the ditch and slightly trimmed to prevent dirt from slipping back into the ditch.
2. The inlet and outlet are arranged in the bottom of the ditch. The drainage pipe should be pre-installed for water changing or clearing. Usually, a drainage pipe is buried about 20cm away from the surface of the grate to prevent the water from escaping from the surface. The setting of the water inlet should be diagonal to the outlet, and the wire mesh should be fixed at the mouth of the water pipe to prevent the entry of predator creatures from the mouth of the pipe and the escape of the crabs.
3. Anti-escape facilities shall use 80cc double-layer plastic film around the paddy field to prevent wall escape. The specific practice is to fix one wooden pile as a support frame every 1.5m. The plastic film is folded on one side with a nylon string and the agricultural film hangs. From there, the other side is buried in the earth about 30cm along the stakes, and the soil is compacted with soil. The side of the nylon rope is fixed with iron wire on the stake. In the process of encircling the wall, attention should be paid: the height of the enclosure should be about 60cm, the agricultural film should be on the side of the water surface, and the support frame should be on the periphery. The bend should be enclosed by a garden arc, so as to prevent the crabs from supporting the shelf. Escape with the corner of the farm film.
三ã€Preparatory work before stocking
1. Qingtian Disinfection The paddy field must be thoroughly disinfected before the crabs are released for the purpose of removing the predators. The method is: to pour some water into the field (in order to submerge the entire field surface is appropriate), choose sunny lime 100kg / mu into a lotion field spill. After disinfection, we should seize the time to surround the cultured water with agricultural membranes.
2. Planting aquatic plants It is very important to plant aquatic plants in Putian to raise crabs. It is a place for crabs to inhabit, feed, avoid enemies and clam shells, and is an important source of vitamins, crude fiber and minerals in food. In addition, it It can also release oxygen, absorb excess or harmful substances, and play a very important role in regulating, purifying, stabilizing and improving the bottom water quality. When transplanting aquatic plants, it is important to note that aquatic species should be diversified. Try to allow Tanaka to grow various types of water plants, such as high-water plants, water peanuts, floating leaf plants, duckweeds, submerged plants, bittergrass, and leafy black algae; 1/2; all kinds of aquatic plants should be sparse, well-proportioned, and mixed with each other in the shallow water near the pool. The middle of the pool should not be transplanted with aquatic plants so as not to disperse the crabs and affect the feeding during the feeding.
3. After the snails have been transplanted and planted, the snails will be put in 100kg/mu to 150kg/mu.
4. The planting of earthworms can be dilute appropriately, generally planting spacing is 3m ~ 5m, plant spacing is 1m ~ 3m. To apply basal fertilisers, it is common to use fermented manure dung 2500kg/mu to 3000kg/mu or green manure 3500kg/mu to 4000kg/mu, which is beneficial to the growth of earthworms and aquatic plants.
Fourth, seed stocking
1. The selection of good crab species for good seedlings can produce high-quality commercial crabs. The requirements for crab species should pay attention to the variety and quality. Fujian local breeders of Yangtze River water systems are the best choices. They are large and grow fast. With its beautiful body and good meat quality, it is deeply loved by consumers everywhere. Better quality crab seedlings, crawling in their hands, feeling strong, loose their hands and quickly escaped, crab seedlings in the group without Artemia, residue left bait and other dirt, with the naked eye to see the same color, were dark yellow, Without black individuals, individual specifications are basically the same, such crab or crab species can only be kept in Putian to achieve a higher survival rate.
2. Stocking specifications and stocking time The merchandise crabs in Putian are preferred for stocking large-scale crabs of the first age. The survival rate is high, and the size of the developed crabs is large. One-day crabs are generally stocked when the spring water temperature rises to about 15°C. . It can also be stocked with the V period juvenile crabs cultivated in plastic greenhouses that have been cultivated during the year. This type of crab has a small investment, low cost, and high yield. However, the deficiency is that the size of the crabs is small, and the price is low. Young crabs are generally stocked in mid-May.
3. One-day-old crab species in stocking densities and stocking methods can be stocked at 1,000 pounds per mu. If the young crabs are hatched in a temperature-controlled, early-breeding V age, the density can be increased to 1500/mu/2000 mu/mu. When stocking crabs, use 3% to 4% salt for bathing for 5 minutes to 8 minutes. When stocking, crabs should be placed on the edge of the ditch so that they can climb into the ditch and carry out more discharges.
V. Feeding management
1. Water Quality Management It is one of the most important management measures for crabs in Putian to maintain proper water levels and regulate water quality. The spring water level should be maintained at about 10cm, and insist on changing the water once a week; in summer, to prevent high temperatures, the water level in the field should be deepened to 30cm to 100cm, and the water change should be performed 2 to 3 times per week. If most of the crabs are found in the field, they will spit. Foam-breathing air, especially if large batches of crabs climb out of the water during the day, get frightened or not go into the water or immediately go ashore, indicating that the water body is deprived of oxygen or water quality. In this case, the dirty water should be replaced as soon as possible; in autumn, the crabs are in During the peak period of food intake, regular water changes are required to ensure that the water is fresh. Whether it is spring, summer or autumn, the time for changing the water is generally around 10:00 am, and the amount of water to be changed is 1/3 of the specified water level in the field. The specific amount of water to be changed and the number of water changes should be controlled flexibly according to the water quality in the field.
2. Feed feeding Feed feeding is directly related to the speed of the clam shell, the frequency of clam shells, and the body growth rate after the clam shell, which will directly affect its growth. Putian cultivated crabs, feed feeding should follow the "four set" principle. The feed requires fresh, palatable, crab-like food, high nutritional value, and there are many kinds of edible feeds for crabs, which can be divided into animal, plant food and compound feed. Among them, animal food organisms include small trash fish, shrimp, and cocoon , Poria, Poria, fish meal, blood meal, etc., plant food organisms are water grass, duckweed, melons, wheat and other skin. Do not cast rotten spoilage and powdered feed, should be fed small pieces or cooked wheat, soybeans, corn, etc., must be made into pellets with compound feed. Crabs are resistant to hunger and binge eating, and their excessive satiation or excessive hunger are not conducive to the growth and development of crabs. During the whole growth period, crabs generally have two periods of high food intake. One is in early summer and the other is before the gonadal maturation. During these two peaks of food intake, in addition to the supply of plant food organisms to meet the supply, animals should be guaranteed. The supply of food organisms. Feeding of crabs should be based on their stocking density, water quality, water temperature, weather, feed quality, and crab feeding conditions. Due to the diversity of feed requirements for crabs, attention should be paid to the diversity of feed during the feeding process. Animal and animal diets should be used in combination to avoid single feeds. Although they are resistant to hunger and binge eating, they should try their best to make a full investment. Feeding and feeding evenly, and avoiding the phenomenon of frequent occurrences, at the same time, feeding too much will not only cause waste but also affect water quality. Feeding too little will affect the growth of crabs and even increase the mutual killing of crabs. Crabs usually inhabit in shelters such as caves and grass during the day, but they only come out in the evening and at night to feed and feed. Therefore, the feeding time should be set at about 5 o'clock in the evening. The feeding site should be fixed, which is conducive to the formation of crab feeding habits. It is also helpful for farmers to observe the feeding situation of river crabs. It is possible to set the feed table slightly below the surface of the slopes on the top of the water level line, and start Feeding feeds should be fed with foods that have a large taste like crabs, such as river clams and snail meat.
3. Disinfection and Calcium Supplementation During the feeding process of crabs, it is necessary to insist on using 20ppm calcined pulp every 20 minutes to spray the whole field to kill germs in the field, improve and adjust the water quality, and supplement the calcium needed for the crab in the water body. nutrition. Quicklime is also a fertilizer for alfalfa. After it is applied, it will make the loose clay mud more solid, which is beneficial to the growth of lotus root.
4. Day-to-day management Avoiding escape is an important task in crab farming in Putian. Every day, it is necessary to carefully check whether there are loopholes or collapses in the fields, whether the inlet and outlet ports are damaged, and whether the surrounding escape walls are intact. It is easier for crabs to escape during the period of environmental adaptation after stocking and the mature period of gonads. In these two phases, precautions must be taken. In the case of typhoons and heavy rains, the number of field inspections should be increased to prevent windbreaks or floods from causing flooding and flood prevention facilities. In addition, it is necessary to observe the activities and feeding conditions of crabs, the growth of clams, and the changes in water quality during daily inspections. Crabs are susceptible to bacteria, parasites, and crust-free conditions. They should always be guarded against disease. Formalin (protozoan disease), oxytetracycline (bacterial disease), and capsanthin can be used once the disease occurs. Insomnia, etc. Water mice, water snakes, jaundice, birds, and domestic cats are the natural enemies of river crabs. Mouse traps are set up on the sides of the fields, and attention is paid to plugging snake holes and mouse holes. Scarecrows can also be used to evacuate water birds. To minimize the adverse effects of pesticides applied by lotus roots and chemical fertilizers on river crabs, ensure the safety of river crabs.
Sixth, the crab's harvest
Using the habit of migrating crabs, timely fishing for crabs, placement of fishing nets at the outlets, daytime water intake, night drainage, and several catches can capture most of the adult crabs. After the crabs have been caught, they will be drained and listed for digging. If they feel that they have grown too small, they can stay until the beginning of the year to sell them at a price that is very good.
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