In recent years, winter cabbage has become a hot spot for some farmers. Using the characteristics of overwintering cabbage and the temperature difference between regions, using certain cultivation techniques, it can be listed before and after the Spring Festival, and receives good economic benefits. The overwintering cabbage requires high cultivation techniques. If it is not well-handed, it will easily fail and suffer heavy losses. Our company has excellent varieties of foreign cabbage, but it must adopt scientific cultivation management techniques in order to receive better results. In order to allow farmers to better grasp the cultivation techniques of winter cabbage, we summarized some points for reference only.
I. Characteristics of overwintering cabbage varieties
1. Cabbage varieties that are medium-maturing, medium-late and late-maturing 60-80 days old.
2, thick leaves, dry matter and high sugar content.
3, compact ball, crack ball resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance.
4. The spherical shape depends on regional needs. In general, the south needs to be oblate or highly oblate, while the north needs to be spherical. The single ball weighs about 1-2 kg.
5. The plant is strong in stress resistance, has a certain heat-resistance in the early stage, has certain cold resistance in the middle and late stages of growth, and has strong anti-convulsant ability.
6, cabbage can generally tolerate the short-term low temperature of minus 8 °C, below zero minus 10 °C need to add a certain coverage, the temperature is low again, cabbage can not winter. Areas below -5°C can be overwintered except in special years.
Second, the relationship between the sowing period and growing season.
The most important thing for winter cabbage is the sowing date. The success or failure of winter cabbage is determined by the sowing date. Early sowing of plants grows too large, and the resistance of plants that have been basically mature gradually decreases, which is not conducive to overwintering; the plants whose sowing time is too late are in semi-wrapped state and most likely to twitch through vernalization, resulting in failure of cultivation. Therefore, the determination of the sowing date depends on the length of the growing season and the characteristics of the local autumn climate and the arrival time of early frost.
Third, the relationship between the temperature in the north and the south and the sowing date.
In our country, the temperature varies greatly due to the geographical latitude. In the Yangtze River basin and its areas south of the Yangtze River, the frost-free period is long, the winter temperature is slightly higher, and the sowing date is from the end of July to August 20, and the latest can not exceed August 20; while in the area north of the Yangtze River, the frost-free period is slightly shorter, and the temperature goes further northwards. The lower the time, the sowing date should be appropriately advanced. In the area north of the Yangtze River, the planting period in southern Henan, Henan, and Shandong should be in the period from early July to the end of July. The winter sowing cabbage not only requires strict sowing time, but also has a short floating time, usually around 10-15 days.
Fourth, the winter cabbage cultivation management notes:
(A) Strictly control the sowing period, should grasp the principle of rather early and late. In the Yangtze River basin and the south of the area from the end of July to August 20, the latest can not exceed August 25. The planting period in the Yellow River basin and other areas in the north of the Yangtze River should be in the early July to the end of July, the latest can not exceed August. On the 5th.
(B), seedling management
Overwintering cabbage breeding season in the high temperature season for the purpose of cultivating strong seedlings.
1. Choose dry, ventilated, cool and well-drained plots for nursery.
2. Build shady sheds (shading nets) and rain-proof equipment.
3, the use of sorghum nursery, in the two leaves when the heart of the seedlings, seedlings 10cm square.
(III) Management after planting
1. Seedling age 30-35 days for planting, as the temperature in autumn gradually decreases, the earlier the planting, the easier it is to manage.
2. Before planting and selecting the land for the cruciferous crops, fully apply 5,000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer, deep plowing and adequate drying.
3. Watering and fertilizing after planting are generally conducted in the afternoon or evening.
4, the principle of water and fertilizer management to promote the main, the focus of fertilization in the late Rosette early Baoxin. In the early stage, N fertilizer was dominant; P and K were mainly used in the middle and late stages of the package to improve the cold resistance of the plants.
5. Pour frozen water before cold weather to facilitate safe wintering.
Fifth, winter pre-winter cabbage growth status and standards:
The characteristics of external cabbage plants before winter were as follows: strong growth potential, thick leaves, and 20 cm or more of leaf ball diameters in the late stage of the package ball and 60%-70% of the ball thickness. Plants have high dry matter and sugar content, thick roots, and wintering conditions.
VI. Post-harvest management and precautions:
Winter cabbage can be fertilized according to pre-winter soil conditions. If the fertilizer is insufficient, after the temperature rises, a small amount of urea (10kg/mu) can be traced and the small water can be used for irrigation. If the fertility is better, only the water is not applied, and the management principle is mainly controlled.
7. Harvesting Criteria for Overwintering Cabbage:
Through the long winter, winter cabbage has basically grown into a market that can be marketed as appropriate according to market conditions. It is not until late in the middle of February to mid-March to grasp that the top buds begin to sprout, but before the seizures begin, and in the morning market. Otherwise, it will reduce quality because of convulsions and affect economic income.
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