Symptoms Wheat stalk rust occurs mainly in the coastal areas of East China, the Yangtze River, the southern winter wheat region, and in Inner Mongolia and northwestern spring wheat regions in the northeast and north China. It mainly occurs on leaf sheaths and stems, but also damages the leaves and panicles. The summer spores are large, long oval, dark brown or brown-yellow, irregularly arranged, scattered, often connected into a large spot, the epidermis is easily ruptured after ripening, the large epidermis is cracked and turned outwards into a lip, emitting a large amount of rust brown Powder, the summer spores. When wheat matures, a black ellipse-to-striped teliospore pile appears in the summer spore heap and its vicinity. After the epidermis ruptures, black powder forms, namely the teliospores. The difference between the three kinds of rust can be summarized as follows: “Rust rust into leaf rust, stem rust is a big erythemaâ€.
The pathogen is Puccinia graminis Pers. var. tritici Eriks et Henn. It is known as Pythium agaricus (wheat varieties) and belongs to Basidiomycotina fungus. The mycelium is filiform, separated, and parasitizes in the intercellular space of wheat, producing urediaspores and teliospores on wheat. Summer spores, elliptical, dark orange-yellow, 17-4714-22 (μm) in size, with spinous processes on the surface, and 4 germinal holes in the middle lumbar region. The teliospores twins, rod-shaped to spindle-shaped, size 35-6511-22 (μm), slightly thicker at the top, rounded or slightly pointed, and long peduncle. The bacterium produces 5 different types of spores. The spores germinate to produce microspores. The microspores damage the host host, and the spores and sporozoites are formed on the front of the leaves of the clams. Rust and rust spores are produced on the back of the leaves. Pathogenicity of wheat stem rust is physiologically different. At present, 16 physiological races have been found in China, of which 21C#3 race is the dominant species.
Transmission routes and disease conditions The disease is mainly mediated by the infestation of diseases caused by uredia spores. The rust spores formed on the leaves of the host host O. rufipogon infect the wheat and form urediospores and teliospores. Therefore, it is considered that the host is not effective. Or does not work. The wheat stalk rust in China is mainly wintered in the summer and spore generations in Fujian, Guangdong coastal areas, and southern Yunnan wheat areas. In late spring, the summer spores gradually moved northward from the wintering base and reached the northeast, northwest, and spring wheat in Inner Mongolia via the Yangtze River basin and the North China Plain. The rust-infested areas of the stem rust are wider in summer and can be used in late summer wheat and volunteer wheat seedlings in the northwest, north, northeast, and southwest cold wheat regions. Shandong's Jiaodong and Jiangsu's Xuhuai Plain wheat areas can also grow on their own wheat. The spores of the summer pass through the airstream for long-distance transmission, invading the host from the stomata, and invading the temperature of 18-22°C. The prevalence of Thousand Rust requires higher temperatures and humidity, especially liquid water, such as precipitation, condensation or fog. The longer the dew exposure, the higher the inbreak rate, and the temperature at which the foliage is wet, ie when the dew temperature is appropriate, is suitable for intrusion, and the dew exposure time is 8-10 hours. When the production is exposed to high temperatures, the disease becomes heavy when exposed for a long time. There is a significant difference in disease resistance among wheat cultivars. The variability of this race is not fast, and its disease resistance is relatively stable. There has been no major epidemic in the past 20 years.
Control methods (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties, such as the Kefeng series, Ke drought series, the new Shuguang series, Longmai, Liaomai series in the northeastern wheat area, the Mongolian hybrid series in Inner Mongolia, and the Taishan No.1 in the Huanghuai area. Most resistant to 21 races should pay attention to the new races 34C#3 and 34C#3. When planting, it is necessary to take into account the diversity and rational layout of the source. Spring wheat varieties newly bred against stem rust include Mengmai 30, Longmai 23, Longfumai 7, Luchun 15, Ningchun 24, Hunchun 8139, and Dingfeng 3. The varieties of stem rust-resistant winter wheat include Jing 411, Wanmai 26, 27, Yumai 18, Xinbaofeng (7228), Maimai No. 5, Guifeng No. 1, and Wumai No. 18 and No. 19. (2) Chemical control See wheat stripe rust and leaf rust.
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