The rose is a perennial evergreen or deciduous shrub of the rose family Rosaceae. The rose buds are tender, moist, warm, and bitter. Roses have a long history of cultivation in China and are currently planted all over the country. Among them are Gansu, Beijing, Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Sichuan, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Taiwan, Shanxi and Xinjiang. The most important use of roses is as ornamental plants. Second, the rose can be used as a raw material for the production of rose oil. Rose oil used as a spice in the folk has a long history, is more common in ancient China and Europe, is a very valuable spice. Rose oil has long been one of the most popular floral fragrance oils on the international market. The market demand is very large. It has reached 30 tons per year, and its value is very high, reaching around US$4,000 per kilogram. It is widely used in the deployment of a variety of floral fragrances. For cosmetics and soap, food, wine and other products. Roses can be used as medicine, have the effect of rational gas, detoxification, and hemostasis, and are used for diseases such as irregular menstruation, hepatogastric pain, and traumatic injury. Roses can also be used for food, such as direct consumption of roses in some areas of Europe, rose roots and boiled to eat, rose root can be used to make wine. As the level of consumption increases, people are increasingly interested in eating roses.
(1) The varieties and distribution of roses are on the market. Cut roses are often called roses or roses. Strictly speaking, this is not rigorous. Because roses and Chinese rose are categorized as plants, they represent different plant species. The planting of roses in our country has spread almost all over the country, and there are many kinds of planting varieties. The main varieties are as follows:
1. Ink red, also known as Zhu Mo Shuanghui, is mainly planted in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places. Ink red blossoms in mid-April, the annual flowering period from May to November, an average of 7 months, per mu 750 to 1500 kg.
2. The bitter rose is named after its planting in the bitter water area of ​​Yongdeng County, Gansu Province. The bitter water rose is mainly cultivated in Yongdeng County of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Meishan County of Sichuan Province, and Pingyin County of Shandong Province. It blooms in late May every year, and the flowering period is about 25 days.
3. Double rose, also known as Chinese rose, is native to China. Beijing Rose, Tongshan Rose, Shandong Pingyin Rose and Sichuan Meishan Rose all belong to the Chinese Rose. Mainly cultivated in Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu; Sichuan, Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Xinjiang provinces, flowering Shandong is in mid-May, Beijing is from late May to mid-June, flowering period is about 25 to 30 days, rose The oil yield was 0.034% to 0.04%, especially with a sweet floral odor. The Chinese rose oil production reached several hundred kilograms at the peak.
China's more extensive cultivation, such as Nanyang Rose Group invested 1 million yuan in 2001 for the production and development of four edible rose seedlings, and the development of edible rose as a new economic growth point in the new era.
There are also rose varieties such as Turk Rose, Twig Rose, Thorn Rose Flower, Qili Fragrant Rose, Multi Flower Rose, Yangshuo Rose, and Perfume Rose 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., but the cultivation and production scale is relatively small, especially the quality of rose oil. Poor aroma.
(B) The nutritional value of roses Rose warm, sweet, slightly bitter. In addition to its ornamental value, roses have a high food value. The chemical components that have been found so far are linalool, ethanol phenylethyl ester, eugenol, geraniol, decanophyllin and phytol. Terpenoids and alcohols constitute about 50% of the total volatile oil. According to the analysis, the mature fresh fruits of rose contain a lot of vitamins A, B, C, and more than 10 kinds of amino acids, soluble sugars, alkaloids, and glycosides. Among them, Vc content is the most abundant, with more than 2000 in each one hundred grams. The content of milligrams is more than 700 times that of apples and more than 20 times that of sea buckthorn, which is more than 8 times higher than that of Chinese kiwi. It can be called the king of vitamin C. It also contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and magnesium. The protein content was 8.5%, fat content 4.7%, and carbohydrate 68%. Therefore, roses have a high food value.
(c) Medicinal Values ​​of Roses The flowers, leaves, fruits, and roots of roses can be used as medicines for medical treatment and fitness. Its flower has a strong rose fragrance, can extract aromatic oil, has the effect of heat and detoxification. Leaves, stem taste astringent cold, there is Qingre heat, Shun Qi and stomach, thirst quencher, hemostatic function, can treat hot chest tightness, vomiting, thirst, bloating, indigestion and vomiting do not eat. The root has the functions of activating blood circulation and converging, and can treat arthritis, hemiplegia, irregular menstruation, incontinence, and oral rot. The fruit smell is sour and non-toxic. It treats decubitus ulcers, makes joints, and has light body and Qi function. Folk formula for the treatment of infant food. Because it is rich in Vc, it can be used to treat scurvy and infectious diseases. It also has the function of lowering blood pressure, preventing coronary heart disease, and strengthening human immunity.
(4) Use of Roses in Food (1) Rose Oil Roses are mainly used for refining rose oil in foods, but only 2 ml of roses can extract 1 ml of rose oil, resulting in the value of rose oil. expensive. The main method for extraction of rose oil is steam distillation, ie net distillation of roses soaked in water. This method is still the main method of current production. However, the quality of the rose oil processed by this method is poor, and the flower fragrance is not pure enough. The other major processing method of roses is the extraction method, ie, immersing the rose in an organic solvent and heating and leaching; then recovering the solvent can obtain the rose extract, and the rose extract can be further extracted by extracting with other organic solvents. Clean oil.
(2) Rose buds When the roses are about to open, fresh buds are picked up in batches, followed by strict disinfection, sterilization, and air-drying, which almost completely preserves the color, fragrance, and flavor of the roses. Rose buds made in the food industry have a wide range of applications, can be made of rose porridge, rose tea, rose meat, rose tofu and so on.
(3) The residual wastewater in the production process of rose pigment rose oil contains the thecaflavin compounds, which are easily soluble in water and bright in color. They can be used as food additives and are a kind of natural pigment worthy of development. At present, people in China have conducted research on this and found that the major impurities in wastewater are polysaccharides, pectin, and protein. The extraction and separation process is generally:
Concentrated waste color liquid → filtration → filtrate purification with ethanol → centrifugation → recovery of ethanol → dye solution hydrochloric acid hydrolysis → filtration separation, pigmentation washed with water to pH 3 ~ 5 → dry solid product.
The rose pigment obtained by this method has a rose aroma and is easily soluble in water and dilute ethanol. The pH values ​​of the aqueous solutions with different pH values ​​are different, they are rose red at pH 6, orange yellow at pH 7 and bright red at pH 7.5. The higher the pH, the darker the color, the better the heat resistance, and the darker the color after heat treatment. At pH 4 to 6, the light stability is good. At pH greater than 7, it is very unstable and the absorbance drops rapidly.
(4) rose beverage rose leaves → leaching → coarse filtration → ultrafiltration → batching → loading → nitrogen filling → sealing → sterilization → cooling → packaging → finished products with sugar and other accessories. The following quoted a flower juice drink formula: sugar 100 grams, aspartame 0.15 grams, rose juice 10 grams, 1 gram of citric acid, cola flavor 1 gram, amount of sodium benzoate, add water to 1 liter.
(5) Prospects for the development of roses The output of roses is large, the flowering period is long, 1,000 kilograms of flowers can be produced per acre, and 2 million kilograms of flowers can be produced in the country each year, causing sales difficulties during the busy season from April to June. It needs to be developed into other products. . However, at present, the roses in China are mainly used for refining rose oil and making rose tea. However, there are many problems in China's rose oil industry, including small production scale, high cost, lack of scale advantages, backward processing methods and processing techniques, and unstable product quality. The production of rose oil has been declining in recent years, and prices have fallen repeatedly. The market continues to shrink. In addition, people in China are accustomed to drinking tea, so the market for roses is not very large. To address the above issues, there is great promise for the development of new uses of roses.
On the one hand, the development of new edible rose varieties, the introduction, cultivation and improvement of edible roses. For example, Nanyang Rose Group invested RMB 1 million in 2001 for the production and development of four edible rose seedlings, and developed edible rose as a new economic growth point for the company in the new period. On the other hand, deep processing and comprehensive utilization of roses can develop a variety of new foods, such as flower drinks, flower seasonings, etc.; use of high-tech separation technology to extract functional components in roses, such as aromatic oils, pigments, and other activities. Ingredients for cosmetics, food industry and medicine. Fengrun Agricultural Information Center
(1) The varieties and distribution of roses are on the market. Cut roses are often called roses or roses. Strictly speaking, this is not rigorous. Because roses and Chinese rose are categorized as plants, they represent different plant species. The planting of roses in our country has spread almost all over the country, and there are many kinds of planting varieties. The main varieties are as follows:
1. Ink red, also known as Zhu Mo Shuanghui, is mainly planted in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places. Ink red blossoms in mid-April, the annual flowering period from May to November, an average of 7 months, per mu 750 to 1500 kg.
2. The bitter rose is named after its planting in the bitter water area of ​​Yongdeng County, Gansu Province. The bitter water rose is mainly cultivated in Yongdeng County of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Meishan County of Sichuan Province, and Pingyin County of Shandong Province. It blooms in late May every year, and the flowering period is about 25 days.
3. Double rose, also known as Chinese rose, is native to China. Beijing Rose, Tongshan Rose, Shandong Pingyin Rose and Sichuan Meishan Rose all belong to the Chinese Rose. Mainly cultivated in Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu; Sichuan, Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Xinjiang provinces, flowering Shandong is in mid-May, Beijing is from late May to mid-June, flowering period is about 25 to 30 days, rose The oil yield was 0.034% to 0.04%, especially with a sweet floral odor. The Chinese rose oil production reached several hundred kilograms at the peak.
China's more extensive cultivation, such as Nanyang Rose Group invested 1 million yuan in 2001 for the production and development of four edible rose seedlings, and the development of edible rose as a new economic growth point in the new era.
There are also rose varieties such as Turk Rose, Twig Rose, Thorn Rose Flower, Qili Fragrant Rose, Multi Flower Rose, Yangshuo Rose, and Perfume Rose 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., but the cultivation and production scale is relatively small, especially the quality of rose oil. Poor aroma.
(B) The nutritional value of roses Rose warm, sweet, slightly bitter. In addition to its ornamental value, roses have a high food value. The chemical components that have been found so far are linalool, ethanol phenylethyl ester, eugenol, geraniol, decanophyllin and phytol. Terpenoids and alcohols constitute about 50% of the total volatile oil. According to the analysis, the mature fresh fruits of rose contain a lot of vitamins A, B, C, and more than 10 kinds of amino acids, soluble sugars, alkaloids, and glycosides. Among them, Vc content is the most abundant, with more than 2000 in each one hundred grams. The content of milligrams is more than 700 times that of apples and more than 20 times that of sea buckthorn, which is more than 8 times higher than that of Chinese kiwi. It can be called the king of vitamin C. It also contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and magnesium. The protein content was 8.5%, fat content 4.7%, and carbohydrate 68%. Therefore, roses have a high food value.
(c) Medicinal Values ​​of Roses The flowers, leaves, fruits, and roots of roses can be used as medicines for medical treatment and fitness. Its flower has a strong rose fragrance, can extract aromatic oil, has the effect of heat and detoxification. Leaves, stem taste astringent cold, there is Qingre heat, Shun Qi and stomach, thirst quencher, hemostatic function, can treat hot chest tightness, vomiting, thirst, bloating, indigestion and vomiting do not eat. The root has the functions of activating blood circulation and converging, and can treat arthritis, hemiplegia, irregular menstruation, incontinence, and oral rot. The fruit smell is sour and non-toxic. It treats decubitus ulcers, makes joints, and has light body and Qi function. Folk formula for the treatment of infant food. Because it is rich in Vc, it can be used to treat scurvy and infectious diseases. It also has the function of lowering blood pressure, preventing coronary heart disease, and strengthening human immunity.
(4) Use of Roses in Food (1) Rose Oil Roses are mainly used for refining rose oil in foods, but only 2 ml of roses can extract 1 ml of rose oil, resulting in the value of rose oil. expensive. The main method for extraction of rose oil is steam distillation, ie net distillation of roses soaked in water. This method is still the main method of current production. However, the quality of the rose oil processed by this method is poor, and the flower fragrance is not pure enough. The other major processing method of roses is the extraction method, ie, immersing the rose in an organic solvent and heating and leaching; then recovering the solvent can obtain the rose extract, and the rose extract can be further extracted by extracting with other organic solvents. Clean oil.
(2) Rose buds When the roses are about to open, fresh buds are picked up in batches, followed by strict disinfection, sterilization, and air-drying, which almost completely preserves the color, fragrance, and flavor of the roses. Rose buds made in the food industry have a wide range of applications, can be made of rose porridge, rose tea, rose meat, rose tofu and so on.
(3) The residual wastewater in the production process of rose pigment rose oil contains the thecaflavin compounds, which are easily soluble in water and bright in color. They can be used as food additives and are a kind of natural pigment worthy of development. At present, people in China have conducted research on this and found that the major impurities in wastewater are polysaccharides, pectin, and protein. The extraction and separation process is generally:
Concentrated waste color liquid → filtration → filtrate purification with ethanol → centrifugation → recovery of ethanol → dye solution hydrochloric acid hydrolysis → filtration separation, pigmentation washed with water to pH 3 ~ 5 → dry solid product.
The rose pigment obtained by this method has a rose aroma and is easily soluble in water and dilute ethanol. The pH values ​​of the aqueous solutions with different pH values ​​are different, they are rose red at pH 6, orange yellow at pH 7 and bright red at pH 7.5. The higher the pH, the darker the color, the better the heat resistance, and the darker the color after heat treatment. At pH 4 to 6, the light stability is good. At pH greater than 7, it is very unstable and the absorbance drops rapidly.
(4) rose beverage rose leaves → leaching → coarse filtration → ultrafiltration → batching → loading → nitrogen filling → sealing → sterilization → cooling → packaging → finished products with sugar and other accessories. The following quoted a flower juice drink formula: sugar 100 grams, aspartame 0.15 grams, rose juice 10 grams, 1 gram of citric acid, cola flavor 1 gram, amount of sodium benzoate, add water to 1 liter.
(5) Prospects for the development of roses The output of roses is large, the flowering period is long, 1,000 kilograms of flowers can be produced per acre, and 2 million kilograms of flowers can be produced in the country each year, causing sales difficulties during the busy season from April to June. It needs to be developed into other products. . However, at present, the roses in China are mainly used for refining rose oil and making rose tea. However, there are many problems in China's rose oil industry, including small production scale, high cost, lack of scale advantages, backward processing methods and processing techniques, and unstable product quality. The production of rose oil has been declining in recent years, and prices have fallen repeatedly. The market continues to shrink. In addition, people in China are accustomed to drinking tea, so the market for roses is not very large. To address the above issues, there is great promise for the development of new uses of roses.
On the one hand, the development of new edible rose varieties, the introduction, cultivation and improvement of edible roses. For example, Nanyang Rose Group invested RMB 1 million in 2001 for the production and development of four edible rose seedlings, and developed edible rose as a new economic growth point for the company in the new period. On the other hand, deep processing and comprehensive utilization of roses can develop a variety of new foods, such as flower drinks, flower seasonings, etc.; use of high-tech separation technology to extract functional components in roses, such as aromatic oils, pigments, and other activities. Ingredients for cosmetics, food industry and medicine. Fengrun Agricultural Information Center
Fresh To Ground Ginger,Fresh Ginger To Dry,Grated Fresh Ginger,Organic Dried Ginger
Jining Yuanheng International Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.china-garlic-exporter.com