Unreasonable fertilization is usually caused by the amount of fertilization, fertilization period, and unreasonable fertilization methods. Generally, there are the following situations:
1, shallow or table fertilizer application. Fertilizers are volatile, losing or difficult to reach the roots of crops, and are not conducive to crop absorption, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. Fertilizers should be applied 16 to 26 cm below the seed or plant side.
2, dual chlorine fertilizer. The compound fertilizer produced with ammonium chloride and potassium chloride is called double-chlorine fertilizer, containing about 30% chlorine, easy to burn seedlings, and timely watering. Saline-alkali land and chlorine-sensitive crops cannot be treated with chlorine-containing fertilizers. The excessive application of potassium chloride to leaf (stem) vegetables not only causes the vegetables not to be tender and has many fibers, but also makes the vegetables taste bitter, poor in taste and low in efficiency. Urinary compound fertilizers contain high levels of chlorine, biuret nitrogen is also slightly higher, easy to burn seedlings, pay attention to the depth of watering and fertilization.
3, improper use of chemical fertilizers. Improper application of chemical fertilizers may cause fertilizer damage, burning of seedlings, wilting of plants and other phenomena. For example, one-time application of too much fertilizer or insufficient soil moisture after fertilization will result in too high a concentration of the soil solution, difficulty in water absorption in the roots of the crop, leading to plant pods or even dead plants. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the soil has a lot of ammonia or ammonium ions, on the one hand ammonia volatilization, the formation of alkaline droplets in the air droplets, burn the crop, produce spots on the leaves of burnt; on the other hand, ammonium ions in the dry The soil is susceptible to nitrification, and it is converted into ammonium nitrite by the action of nitrosating bacteria. Gasification of nitrogen dioxide gas will poison the crops. Irregular watersheds will appear on the crop leaves, and the veins will gradually turn white. In addition, when there is too much ammonium nitrogen in the soil, the plants will absorb too much ammonia and cause ammonia poisoning.
4. Excessive use of certain nutrient elements. Excessive use of certain nutrient elements not only poisons the crop, but also impedes the absorption of nutrients by the crop, resulting in a deficiency of the disease. For example, excessive application of nitrogen can cause excessive calcium deficiency, nitrate-nitrogen can cause loss of molybdenum chlorosis, excessive potassium will reduce the effectiveness of calcium, magnesium, boron, excessive phosphorus will reduce the effectiveness of calcium, zinc, boron.
5. Fresh manure should not be applied directly to vegetables. Fresh human waste contains a large amount of pathogens, toxins, and parasite eggs. If it is not directly cooked, it will be contaminated with vegetables and easily infected. It can only be applied after high-temperature fermentation or detoxification treatment. In the decay process of unfammified livestock and poultry manure, a large amount of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide will be generated, which will cause the seeds of vegetables to suffocate due to lack of oxygen; and a large amount of heat will be generated, which will easily cause vegetable seed burning or root rot, and is not conducive to vegetable seeds. Sprout growth.
In order to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer damage, production should pay attention to reasonable fertilization. One is to increase organic fertilizer and improve soil buffering capacity. The second is to apply chemical fertilizers as required. According to the soil nutrient level and the demand for nutrient elements of crops, reasonable fertilization will not increase the amount of fertilization arbitrarily. The third is full-scale fertilization. The same amount of fertilizer, when applied locally, often causes the local soil solution to try to rise sharply, injuring the root system of the crop, and then changing it into full-layer fertilization, so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed throughout the plough layer, which can prevent the crop from harm.
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