1. Variety and Seeding The varieties of Dutch beans, with the exception of some domestic varieties, are mostly introduced varieties, mainly Dutch cowpea. French big brother. Chengyu 30th, Bai Ji-speed peas and so on.
The soil requirements of the beans in the Netherlands are not very strict, but it is appropriate to loosen and breathe neutral soils rich in organic matter. Soil loosening is conducive to the development of root nodules in the emergence of Dutch beans. General soil acid pH is 5.5 when the disease is easy to occur, reduce the rate of scarring.
The seeding period of the Dutch beans can be planted from September to October in the south, wintering large seedlings, planting in the north in November, covering the plastic film, wintering the seedlings, and planting cultivation according to market needs.
After selecting the suitable land mass, the basal fertilizer should be applied before the planting and the ridges should be ploughed and leveled. The groove distance is 50 centimeters, on-demand, the hole distance is 10-15 centimeters, 2-3 grains per hole, and the creeping type is less than the semi-wild type, and the cover soil cover film after sowing.
2, watering and fertilizing
(1) Watering Dutch beans require moister air humidity and soil moisture throughout the growing period. Appropriate water control at the seedling stage can promote the growth of the root system. However, if the seedlings are the main seedlings, the low humidity will reduce the quality and quality of the product. Over-drying of the air during flowering often leads to flowering and falling down. When the soil moisture is too large, it can easily rot and cause diseases. If drought occurs during the growth stage of soybean meal, it will lead to early hardening of the mango fiber, premature maturation, and lower quality and yield.
(2) Fertilization Although the nodules of Dutch beans can fix nitrogen, they still cannot meet the needs, and they must also absorb certain nitrogen from the soil for growth and development. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period of Dutch bean plants was highest in nitrogen, followed by potassium, and the lowest in phosphorus.
Therefore, when applying fertilizer to Dutch beans, it is necessary to pay attention to the rational use of various elements, and special attention should be paid to the use of high-quality soil-based miscellaneous fertilizers because the content of various trace elements in soil miscellaneous fertilizers is better than that of the whole, which can better meet the needs of growth and development of Dutch bean plants. .
1 autumn sowing Dutch beans fertilization. In the autumn sowing of the Dutch beans, certain protective measures are adopted, or in winter, the Dutch beans are cultivated in winter. The plants grow longer in the field. Therefore, it is imperative to apply basal fertilizers, especially organic fertilizers, because organic fertilizers are beneficial to raising the temperature of the soil and increasing phosphorus. Potash.
The application rate of basal fertilizer is generally 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer. Less application of available nitrogen fertilizer to prevent excessive growth of plants before winter. The method of fertilization is to mix organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and then deeply plow the soil more than 20 cm.
The use of protective facilities for the cultivation of Dutch beans that require soybean pods before the winter, must be based on plant growth and reasonable fertilizer and water management before the winter. The protective cultivation forms of wintering beans or winter pods not harvested before winter, generally do not require top dressing before winter. After the soil is thawed in the spring of the second year, it can be combined with watering, and 10 kg of urea can be topped every 667 square meters to promote seedling growth. When the manchus were applied for the second time, topdressing 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m2. During the third crop dressing, the fertilizer was applied at a rate of 15-30 kg per 667 m2 of ternary compound fertilizer.
2 Fertilization of spring sowing of Dutch beans. Spring sowing Dutch beans, first to apply base fertilizer, generally 3,000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. Superphosphate 50 kg, compound fertilizer 20 kg, plus a certain amount of available nitrogen fertilizer to ensure seedling growth needs. Top dressing should be carried out according to different growth periods. The specific method is the same as sowing Dutch beans.
(3) Rhizobium inoculation Rhizobium inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum at the time of sowing can promote early root nodule formation, promote plant growth and increase plant yield. The preparation and inoculation method of strains is the same as that of cowpea. Note that the seeds that are inoculated on the same day must be broadcast on the same day, otherwise the strains will die and die.
3, temperature adjustment. Light control
(1) The Dutch bean is a semi-cold plant. When the temperature reaches 4 degrees Celsius, the seeds can germinate slowly, but the emergence time is longer, and the emergence rate is also low; at 16-18 degrees Celsius, the seedling emergence is fast, 4-6 days. Seedling emergence, the emergence rate of more than 90%; at 25 °C, although 3-5 days can germinate, but the emergence rate fell below 80%. Peas have the strongest ability to adapt to low temperature at the seedling stage, can tolerate low temperatures of -6 degrees Celsius, and the seedlings do not freeze to death under low temperature conditions of -7--8 degrees Celsius for a few species. Appropriate growing season temperature is 12-16 degrees Celsius. Flowering temperature is 15-18 degrees Celsius. Ripening fruit maturity temperature is 18-20 degrees Celsius. When the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius, although the fruit is easy to ripen, the quality will decline and the yield will decrease.
(2) Most of the Dutch beans are long-day crops. The fertility of most breeds is shorter in the north than in the south, and the southern varieties can advance early to blossom and scab. Dutch beans require stronger light and longer sunshine hours during the pod harvesting period, but higher temperature should not be avoided. Appropriate measures should be taken to solve this contradiction in cultivation.
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