The soybean research team of Sichuan Agricultural University under the leadership of the National Soybean Industry Post Expert and Vice President of Sichuan Agricultural University, Professor Yang Wenxuan, studied and summed up the wheat-jade-bean intercropping model, which can not only increase grain and soybean production, but also reduce labor. , a substantial increase in planting income. In recent years, due to the remarkable results of the high-yielding relay soybean intercropping system, the intercropping soybean planting area has continued to expand. Last year, the total area reached more than 500 million mu.
The goal of this year's team is to build a 10,000-mu high-yield intercropping soybean demonstration model with 150 kg of soybeans per mu and 550 kg of corn per mu, which will lead farmers to achieve high yields through improved technology. "Intercropping soybeans to achieve high-yield goals must be done with cohesiveness and strong management." On March 16, Yang Wenyu was interviewed by reporters.
Optimized planting and breeding
"The latest research results show that the use of wide and narrow rows of planting, that is, 155 cm wide corn line, narrow line 45 cm, sowing soybeans, the corn wide range of 2 to 3 rows of soybeans, corn and soybeans line distance of not less than 50 cm, This kind of planting effect is the best.†Yang Wenxuan introduced, as for the front of soybeans, can be wheat, potatoes, rape, beans and other crops. In the second year, corn and soybeans were replanted in strips to reduce soil-borne diseases.
Yang Wenxi disclosed that “soybeans and corn can both achieve high yields and species selection is the key. Studies have shown that corn should be compact or semi-compact and have high-yield, high-yielding varieties with a plant height of 250 cm or less, such as Denghai 605, Sanxiayu 3, and Long. Jade 19, Chuandan 28, Shenlongyu No. 5, etc.; soybeans should be shade resistant and mid-late-maturing summer soybean varieties, such as tribute 1 and Nandou 12.
Corn coating timely planting
In order to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, corn is generally coated with seeds. Soybeans should be sown with uniconazole before seeding. The method is very simple. That is, “with every kilogram of seed, use 5% of Uniconazole WP 16-20 mg in the plastic bag to shake back and forth several times. ."
Yang Wenji reminded that maize seedlings must be selected for transplanting in spring. According to local climatic conditions, corn seedlings planted in the middle and early March in the northeastern Sichuan and southern Sichuan regions can be transplanted. The seedlings in the Chuanzhong region are selected from late March to early April. For transplanting corn seedlings, it is best to use fattening seedlings, one or two strains per hole. Soybean summer sowing, planting areas in accordance with the weather forecast in time before the rain or after the rain sowing, sowing time for the northeastern Sichuan and Chuanzhong area in early June, south Sichuan area 6 mid-; sowing method for no-tillage grazing on demand or no-tillage machinery live broadcast , On-demand 4 to 5 tablets per hole, machine sowing 3 to 4 tablets per hole.
Rational close planting of scientific fields
How to properly plant corn and soybeans? Yang Wenxuan introduced this in detail: 3,500 to 4,000 maize acres were planted, and when the two plants were planted in each hole, the hole distance was 33 to 38 centimeters, and the hole spacing per plant was reduced by half. Soybeans are densely planted according to the conditions of light and heat and soil fertility. There are 6000 to 7500 plants per mu in the gully, with 3 rows in the row, the spacing is 33 centimeters, and the distance is 40 to 50 centimeters. When interplanting 2 rows, the row spacing is 45 centimeters. Caverns from 27 to 33 centimeters, three seedlings per hole; two sets of soil (and above) 7000 to 9000 per acre, with nesting within three rows, spacing of 33 centimeters, hole spacing of 30 to 40 centimeters, interplanting 2 lines When the spacing is 45 centimeters, the distance between holes is 22 to 28 centimeters, and 3 plants per hole are set.
According to Yang Wenxuan, scientific management of the fields is very necessary:
1. Make up seedlings and seedlings. Within one month after sowing, the seedlings were promptly filled. When the seedling age reaches 20 days or so (seedlings grow to 2 or 3 leaves), when the soil pests are unable to injure the seedlings, they should stay weak and strong, and the seedlings should be seedlings, the corn seedlings should be 1 seedling per seedling or 2 seedlings, and the soybean seedlings per hole should be 3 seedlings. .
2. Control weeds. Chemical herbicides or artificial weeds are used to remove weeds before and after corn or soybeans are sown. Corn is soaked with 50% acetochlor 50-200 ml/mu, or 72% metolachlor EC before sowing. Emulsion) 100 ~ 150 ml, watering 40 ~ 50 kg spray, or after maize emergence (3 ~ 4 leaf phase), 25% octanoic bromoformnitrile EC (mudan) 80 ~ 120 ml per acre, watered 40 ~ 60 kg of spray; Soybean with 50% acetochlor EC per acre of l00 ~ 150 ml, watering 30 kg in the field evenly spray.
3. Scientific fertilization. Combine plowing corn 1000 kg per acre with soil and compost, plant a trench in the middle of a narrow row before transplanting or direct seeding, apply 40-50 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per acre, and 40-50 kg of 40% special compound fertilizer; During the period, 16 to 18 kg of urea (or 43 to 48 kg of ammonium bicarbonate) is applied per acre.
Soybean base fertilizer Mushi 30 to 35 kilograms, potassium chloride 4 to 5 kilograms, or 40% compound fertilizer 15 to 20 kilograms, top-dressing in the corn after harvest as the field grows Mushi 5 kilograms of urea, individual growth is poor The block can be applied to 3 to 5 kg of urea in the rain after flowering.
4. Control the defense. When 10 to 12 leaves of corn are unfolded, 4-30% corn strong strong water agent is used per mu, 25 to 30 grams, and 15 to 20 kilograms of water, evenly sprayed on the upper leaves of corn.
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