Apple's dual-change storage

The double-change gas-regulation technique was first proposed by the researcher Liu Yu of the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The advantage of this method is that it does not require low temperature during the initial storage period, and the temperature during storage can decrease as the outside temperature decreases. The principle is: the fruit at a higher temperature (10 ~ 15 °C), because of the high carbon dioxide produced by the respiration effect on the fruit's maturation and senescence inhibited, which is the same effect of low temperature, so high carbon dioxide can replace the role of low temperature . The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the storage environment can increase the hardness of the fruit and keep the fruit green. However, under low temperature conditions, it can easily cause carbon dioxide damage to the fruit and make the fruit brown. This high carbon dioxide damage to the apple, including the damage to the flesh and the damage to the epidermis. The most sensitive part of the flesh damage is in the fruit shoulder, followed by the fruit heart line, there is potential harm, but also direct injury; epidermal carbon dioxide damage only direct damage. Therefore, in the traditional low-temperature storage, if the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, there is a great possibility that the fruit will be injured, and it is a great risk. The double-change gas-changing technology, without pre-cooling, can overcome or reduce the damage of carbon dioxide on the fruit under higher temperature conditions, and fully exert carbon dioxide to inhibit fruit ripening and aging. At the same time, with the decline in temperature during storage, the use of natural cold source to reduce the temperature of the storage environment, use polyethylene or non-toxic polyvinyl chloride to make large accounts or small packages, or use silicon rubber window permeability to control the corresponding changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide decreased The formation of temperature, carbon dioxide two-factor changes. This kind of storage effect is better than cold storage, and it is close to the standard atmosphere adjustment, and it can save a lot of equipment, investment and running costs, save energy, operate easily, and have remarkable economic benefits. At a higher temperature (12°C) during the early storage period, less than 12% of carbon dioxide and more than 5% of oxygen do not effectively inhibit ripening and senescence of fruits; conversely, when carbon dioxide is higher than 16%, oxygen is lower than 2%, the increase in firmness of pulp is quite limited and will cause physiological diseases. The double-varying atmosphere, that is, as the temperature decreases, the carbon dioxide concentration is lowered from a high level. Under the condition of temperature change of the earthen kiln cave in the north, the whole atmosphere adjustment process is divided into four stages: 1 Oxygen-reducing stage. Two days after storage, oxygen was reduced to 2% to 4%, and carbon dioxide was increased to 12% to 16%. 2 High CO2 hypoxia stage. Temperature 8 ~ 12 °C, must carefully control the gas composition within the required range. This period is maintained for 40 to 60 days. 3 carbon dioxide phase. The temperature dropped to 4 to 6°C and maintained for about 30 days. 4 Gas composition stability stage. The temperature at this point has dropped to 0°C. In the specific application of double-change gas-regulation, different varieties cannot fully adapt to this technology. Fuji apples cannot use the above indicators. Also, in the late period of storage, if the carbon dioxide is less than 8% or the oxygen concentration is higher than 8%, it will cause the increase of tiger skin disease. Proper high carbon dioxide and hypoxia are important factors in controlling the occurrence of tiger skin disease. Gold Crown apples respond better to hypoxia than high carbon dioxide; but gold crowns are more sensitive to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Under carbon dioxide 20%, oxygen 3% storage for 14 days, and carbon dioxide 12%, oxygen 1.5% storage for 10 days, about 10% of the fruit pods at the epidermis browning. The use of biphasic changes in the atmosphere (double gas changes) storage of apples, can not help the reservoir of the Marshal apple storage for 6 months, the storage effect is better than 0 °C refrigerated.

our company has ran Mineral Products Trading many years,we have close relationship with them,The relationship between mankind and chemical industry is very close, universal access to all aspects of life. In modern life, chemical products can not be obtained almost anytime, anywhere. From the material life such as clothing, food, shelter and transportation to the spiritual life such as culture and art, entertainment and so on, all require chemical products to serve them. Some chemical products play an epoch-making role in the history of human development. Their production and application even represent a certain historical stage of human civilization. As a category of knowledge, chemical industry has many kinds of decomposition or comprehensive classification methods in different historical periods and under different demands. According to the source of raw materials, product classification, but also in accordance with the law of history, history classification. Each division method is difficult to strictly adapt.

This volume seeks to reduce unnecessary crossings, a comprehensive classification of methods designed from the raw materials of fuel chemical branches; from the product of inorganic chemicals, basic organic chemicals, polymer chemicals, fine chemicals and other branches; from the common The branch of chemical engineering proceeding from the regularity of the process, and the comprehensive branch proceeding from historical development and horizontal linkages. Fuel chemical raw materials are oil, natural gas, coal and oil shale and other combustible minerals, so it is divided into petroleum refining industry, petrochemical, natural gas chemical, coal chemical and shale oil industry.

      Among them, the oil refining industry is to create a higher output value of the industrial sector is the country's important economic lifeline. Natural gas is often symbiotic with petroleum and natural gas chemical industry is often attributed to petrochemical industry. At this stage, oil refining and petrochemicals are the main fuel chemical industry. Products produced by the fuel and chemical industries include fuels and chemical raw materials, which are mainly organic chemical raw materials (except for the syngas used in the production of inorganic chemicals such as synthetic ammonia). Therefore, the petrochemical industry is also a major part of the basic organic chemical industry.

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