Broccoli, also called broccoli, is a famous vegetable imported from abroad in the late 1980s in China. It mainly eats curd. Broccoli contains sulfur and glucosinolates, long-term consumption can reduce the incidence of breast cancer, rectal cancer, and gastric cancer, but also has the function of regulation and prevention of hypertension, heart disease, and can effectively control the condition of diabetes. It is a famous vegetable that is very popular in the international market. It is a kind of nutritious and health-care high-grade vegetable with promising development. Rugao is the main broccoli production base in our province. It is mainly used for processing exports and exported to countries such as Japan, with higher economic returns. The main cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
1, the choice of species and the determination of the sowing date
Broccoli is suitable for growing in cold climates. For example, wolfberry can only be cultivated in autumn and winter. Rugao's broccoli is generally used for processing exports. It requires compacted flowers, dark green color, medium and small grains, medium and late ripening, high yield, and a relatively long harvest period, which facilitates factory production. According to this requirement, in the past few years, we have selected the best varieties, such as future and excellent, early-maturing and heat-resistant varieties, transplanted and harvested between 65 and 75 days; sowing from late July to early August, and in late August Planted at the beginning of September and harvested from the end of October to November.
2, the choice of fields
Well-selected irrigation and irrigation conditions and the former is not a field of cruciferous (Chinese cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, radish) as a nursery and transplanting ground.
3, nursery
Since broccoli seedlings need to overcome adverse factors such as high temperatures, rain, and insect pests in the summer or early autumn, they should be nursed in greenhouses equipped with adequate ventilation, drainage, shading, and heavy rain.
After sowing, the seedlings shall be timely covered with plastic film, the film shall be covered with a shade net to cool, the roof shall be covered with a top film, the top film shall be covered with a shade net, and the temperature within the tent shall be controlled at about 25°C. 2 days after sowing, the emergence of seedlings was checked. When about 70% emerged, the plastic film and shade net were removed from the seedling bed in the evening.
The seedbed management is not watered before breaking the heart, preventing high hypocotyls from forming tall seedlings. The seedling period does not exceed 25-30 days.
Diseases at the seedling stage mainly include: damping-off and blight. The prevention method is after the seedlings arch the soil
Use 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 times solution alternately 2-3 times.
4, Shizuji Fei, reasonable close planting
Prior to planting, 100-200 tons of organic fertilizer was applied per mu, 50 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer, and 0.8 kg of boron fertilizer. (No borate bulbs are easy to hollow, but also in 10-12 leaves, vigorously growing foliar spray). Afterwards, the hoe was ploughed and planted. The ridge was double-rowed, and the ridge width was 1.0 meters, the plant spacing was about 40 centimeters, and the acres were planted with 2700-3000 strains. Immediately after planting, set the root water.
5, field management
Broccoli fertilizer fertilizer, timely fertilizer application in stages, watering is the key to high quality and high yield.
Fertilizer management requires sufficient nutrition throughout the growth process, especially before budding, the formation of sufficient nutrients is the key to seizing high yields and increasing the pass rate, otherwise the ball is loose. Fertilization principle, in principle, "light to mention Miao Fei, apply enough hair to fat, clever application of big fertilizer." Under the premise of applying basal fertilizer, the top dressing is applied three times, that is, the seedling fertilizer is chased once every 7-10 days after planting, and 5 kg of urea per mu and 100 kg of human feces and urine are thinly decomposed. When 10-12 tablets were applied, 15 kg of urea per acre and 10 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer were applied. Bud stage, when the buds have the size of table tennis, chase after applying fertilizer, apply 5 kg of urea per acre.
Water management is more stringent for water requirements, and it is neither tolerant to drought nor to drought. Water management should be based on field soil moisture, irrigation and drainage. In the summer and autumn, high temperature irrigation should be conducted after the evening, and no water will be left in the field on the second day. After the rain, pay attention to timely drainage and cultivating and cultivating soil to increase the permeability of the soil and promote root development.
Disease and Insect Pest Control Broccoli has strong disease resistance and rarely occurs in normal years. However, due to dense planting, continuous rain, poor drainage in the fields, black rot, root rot, downy mildew and other diseases occur. Disease prevention is the main method. In addition to strengthening water management, the lower diseased leaves should be stripped at the late growth stage to improve ventilation and light transmission. After 15 days of colonization, downy mildew can be controlled with 72.2% of Propazine 600 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, every 10-15 days. 72% of agricultural streptomycin can be used 3000 times, or 77% to kill WP 1500 times and other agents used alternately 2-3 times to control root rot. The pests mainly include cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, aphids, and Spodoptera litura, etc. The control of cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moth is available with 2.5% vegetable hi 1000 times solution, or 5% fipronil 1500 times solution, or 0.3% matrine 3000 times solution. Other prevention and treatment. The aphids can be treated with 10% imidacloprid 2000 times, or 50% anti-influx 2000-3000 times. Spodoptera litura can be used 3% suppression of Taibao 2000-3000 times liquid control.
In the cultivation, there are sometimes "early flowers", "blue flowers", "brown flowers" and "purple flowers" phenomenon. "Early flowering" is the lack of vegetative growth of plants, such as long seedling age, lack of nitrogen fertilizer, etc., which can lead to the premature formation of flower bulbs. On the surface of the flower bud, the green bracts or sepals grow prominently and appear as "blue flowers". On the top part of the flowering twigs, the flower style or filaments of the flowering plant are non-essentially elongated as "flowers." Most of the flowers are prone to sudden cooling, warming or heavy fog days during the maturing of the flower bulb. "Purple" is a flower that is suddenly mature at low temperatures when the flower bulb is mature. The glycoside is converted into anthocyanin (which is related to the variety), and the variety of seedling hypocotyl purple is prone to occur.
6. Acquisition standards for general fresh-keeping export flower balls: single ball weighs about 250 grams/a ball diameter 11-14cm, ball height 10-13cm, stems are not hollow, and the flower ball surface is close-round, non-convex, and disease-free Spot, color grains are more consistent. Therefore, when the flower ball reaches the standard, the sales will be harvested in time. Harvesting is done in the form of batch harvesting. One mature one is harvested. Harvesting usually ends around 9 a.m., together with the tender stems about 15 cm long under the ball, are cut flat, and then 2-3 pieces are retained around the ball. Leaflets, remove the remaining leaves, and put them in special boxes for transportation and sales. (Specific requirements according to the factory). When packing, it must be discharged neatly and cannot be squeezed. Avoid collecting too long after harvest to prevent yellowing water loss. Immediately after the product is harvested, it should be given "rapid cooling and high humidity" measures. That is, after the product is slightly refined after the harvest, immediately pre-cooled - soaked with cold water at 0 °C - stored at 0 °C, relative humidity of 95% -100% of the low temperature and high humidity environment. This method can generally keep fresh for 8-10 days.
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