What are the effects and effects of melon? How can winter melon grow to produce high yield? Zhengdao Fertilizer Network said: Winter melon is a cucurbitaceae, annual herb. It is native to southern China and India. It is cultivated in all parts of the country from north to south. It is mainly produced in summer. It is called melon because it has a layer of white powder on the surface, just like the hoarfrost in winter. This is also the reason, melon is also called white melon. Winter melon is round, oblate or oblong, the size varies depending on the fruit type, the small weight is several kilograms, the large number is several kilograms; the skin is green, and the mature fruit of most varieties has white powder on the surface;
The flesh is thick, white, and the vegetables are juicy and juicy, and the tender melon or the old melon can be eaten. The quality of winter melon, in addition to early tender tender melon requirements fresh, generally late harvesting old melon requirements: full development, mature, fleshy, thick, ventricular small; skin color green, with hoarfrost, shape, skin No spots and trauma, the skin is not soft, not rot.
The efficacy and role of winter melon
1. Lose weight and reduce fat
The dietary fiber content of melon is as high as 0.7%, which has the effects of improving blood sugar level, lowering cholesterol in the body, lowering blood fat and preventing arteriosclerosis. Winter melon contains propanol diacid, which controls the conversion of sugars into fat in the body, prevents fat accumulation, prevents high blood pressure, and has good effects on weight loss.
2. Kidney protection
It regulates immune function, improves clinical symptoms, and has the function of protecting kidney function. The folks have the effect of using winter melon skin, broad bean and water simmer to remove slag and drink water, which can cure kidney edema and heart edema. Winter melon squid soup can treat chronic nephritis.
3. Clearing heat
It has the effect of clearing away heat and phlegm, reducing swelling and dampness.
4. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer
Vitamin B1 for cancer prevention and selenium for anticancer function are quite abundant in melon. In addition, the crude fiber in the melon can also stimulate the gastrointestinal motility, so that the carcinogen accumulated in the intestinal tract is excreted as soon as possible.
5. Moisturizing beauty
Winter melon seeds can inhibit the deposition of melanin in the body and have good moisturizing and beauty effects.
The nutritional value of winter melon
- Contains protein, sugar, carotene, multivitamins, crude fiber and calcium, phosphorus, iron, and high potassium content, low sodium content.
- The propanol diacid contained in melon can effectively inhibit the conversion of sugar into fat.
- Winter melon juice and melon extract can increase the amount of urine in the animals, reduce the degree of nephropathy caused by mercury, and have a significant effect on reducing serum intoxication. Histopathology showed that melon (maximum dose) and winter cucurbitacin have obvious protective and blocking effects on kidney damage caused by mercury.
- Winter melon seeds are rich in fatty oil adenine protein carbohydrates vitamin B1 vitamin B2 niacin and fenugreek and other ingredients.
What are the planting techniques of melon? Winter melons are annual or fragrant herbs; stems are yellowish brown bristles and villous, with ridges. Melon shape, such as pillow, also known as pillow melon, is produced in summer. Because the melon is ripe, there is a layer of white powder on the surface, it is like the hoarfrost formed in winter, so it is called melon, which is also the reason. Called white melon. When picking, use a nail to rub it, the skin is hard, the meat is dense, and the seeds are ripe and turn into a yellow-brown melon.
The cultivation method of winter melon can be divided into three kinds: winter melon, shed winter melon and winter melon.
1, winter melon
Plants grow on the ground, and the plant spacing is relatively thin. Generally, about 300 plants are planted per acre. The management is relatively extensive. The stems are basically allowed to grow or the side vines are removed before the results. The advantage is less labor and lower cost.
The shortcoming is that the melon type is not good, and often helps melon; otherwise, the rate of deformed fruit is high; the peel is easily damaged by the external environment, affecting the storability; the utilization of light energy is low, the result is uneven, and the yield per unit area is low.
This method is only applicable to the gray-skin melon varieties sold on the island, but not for the northern or export varieties with high commercial requirements: for example, “Qingpi Winterâ€, “Black Pidong†and “Qingza No. 1†are not applicable. .
2, shed winter melon
After planting the vines, the bamboo vines are used to shed the vines, and there are high sheds and low sheds. The high shed is generally 150-200 cm high, the low shed is generally 60-80 cm high, and the shed is 250-300 cm wide. Sea squash farmers generally use a short shed method. The side vines were removed before the plants were shed, and the stems grew arbitrarily after the shed.
The fruit of the shed melon is better than the winter melon, and the fruit size is relatively uniform. The yield per unit area is generally higher than that of the winter melon. However, the flat area is still used, which is not suitable for close planting. Generally, it can only be interplanted in the shed before the shed. Space, and scaffolding materials, high cost.
In recent years, in order to save materials, save costs and save labor, we began to promote an improved net scaffolding: that is, first use a wooden pile, iron wire to build a basic scaffolding, and then weave a good fluffy wire mesh. Nylon mesh can be used at least three times, and the frame is very convenient and labor-saving.
3, frame winter melon
There are many forms of brackets. There is a "one-stop": that is, one pile per plant, at a height of 130-150 cm, is fixed with a horizontal bamboo; there is a "herringbone frame"; there are "one star drum stand longan" and "four-star drum stand longan": That is, three or four bamboo poles are used to form a drum rack, and each drum rack is fixed by a horizontal bamboo, and one drum rack is used.
Although the form of winter melon is various, it is combined with plant adjustment, better use of space, increase fruit set rate and uniform fruit size, which is conducive to increase yield and quality. It is also conducive to intercropping and increasing the number of multiple cropping; Shed winter melon saves the frame and reduces the cost.
Under the current conditions, winter melon is a reasonable and scientific method among the three cultivation methods.
Cultivation season, sowing seedling and planting density
1. Cultivation season
Winter melon is warm and heat-resistant. In order to obtain high yield, it should be planted in suitable climatic conditions for melon fruit and fruit development. The climatic conditions have the greatest impact on the melon fruit rate, so special attention should be paid to seasonal arrangements. The weather is fine, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, and other conditions are conducive to fruit setting; air drying, low temperature and rainy days, less insect activity, is not conducive to pollination; and reduce the pollination capacity of the stigma, so the fruit is poor.
According to the characteristics of the demand for light and temperature conditions of winter melon, the cities and counties in Lingshui, Sanya and Ledong in southern Hainan are more than 20 °C in winter and spring, with sufficient sunshine, sowing throughout winter and spring, and normal flowering results;
In the northern Wenchang, Chengmai, Qiongshan, Ding'an, Lingao and other cities and counties, in the winter and spring seasons, especially from early January to late February, there are often low-temperature and rainy weather below 15 °C, so in the sowing Special attention should be paid to avoiding the result of planting winter melon during this time.
In addition to considering climatic factors, the planting of winter melon should also take into account market factors. Because of the winter melon cultivated in Hainan, especially the winter melon cultivated, most of its products are sold to the island and Hong Kong and Macao markets. Therefore, in the cultivation season, we must also pay attention to avoiding inland provinces, especially in Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. Only in this way can the cultivated winter melon achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency.
Under normal circumstances, the winter melon cultivated in Hainan only has to be harvested before the end of December to the beginning of May, and its price is higher, and vice versa.
According to this, the southern part of Hainan is suitable for planting winter melon in mid-September to early January; other areas are best planted from mid-September to early October and early December to early January.
If planting is carried out from mid-October to late November, the fruit set is very difficult due to the low temperature and rainy weather in January-February. Even if it can bear fruit, the fruit grows slowly, stunted, deformed. The rate is higher.
2, sowing seedlings
Winter melon cultivation in Hainan is often affected by low temperature, so it is advisable to take nutrient seedlings. The required nutrient soil should be prepared in advance, and it can be mixed with fertile garden soil, rotten pig, cow dung residue, chaff ash or coco peat. The volume ratio of the three is about 6:2:2, and a small amount of NPK compound fertilizer can be added. The addition amount is generally controlled at 0.2%-0.3%, and it is required to be finely mixed to prevent injury. .
The melon seed germination is generally immersed in 50-55 ° C warm water for 10-15 minutes (while stirring while stirring), and then continue to immerse for 10-12 hours at room temperature, preferably, germination at a temperature of about 30 ° C. The soaking time is longer, the germination is faster and more tidy, and most of the germination occurs in one and a half to two days; the soaking time is shorter and the germination potential is worse. Seeds with smooth seed coats (such as green skin melon seeds), due to poor permeability, germination is likely to cause hypoxia and germination, and the germination rate is low.
Therefore, for germination of such seeds, the seed coat must first be scrubbed with fine sand to remove the adherends and germinated at a constant temperature of 28-30 °C. Before germination, rinse the seeds once a day with water every morning and evening, and drain the water in time to continue germination. If there is no constant temperature equipment, it is safer to take a live broadcast to the nursery bag or seedbed after immersing in Sichuan.
According to the author's test, soaking seeds with 100-150ppm gibberellin can make the germination quick and tidy. One day before sowing, the nutrient soil should be thoroughly sown in the sorghum, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and 1-2 seeds of germinated seeds are seeded for each nutrient. The seeds should be laid flat or the buds are pointed upwards. Immediately after the sowing, cover the shade net or straw. Cover; in case of cold or rainy weather, it should be covered with plastic film.
After sowing, before the emergence of the seedlings, pay attention to watering, but do not use too much water to prevent the roots from smashing, just keep the soil moist. When the emergence of about 70%, it is necessary to remove the cover in time.
Appropriate control of water before seedling breaks, promote root growth; after breaking the heart, the nutrient soil is kept semi-dry and semi-wet, so that the melon seedling grows steadily. It can be transplanted into the field in about 25-30 days. 2-3 days before planting, you can use 10% thin human manure water and 80% sensitized zinc 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times. With medicine transplant.
3. Planting density
The planting density of winter melon varies depending on the variety, cultivation method and cultivation season. The yield per unit area of ​​small wax gourd is composed of the number of plants per acre, the number of single plants and the weight of single fruit. Appropriate close planting can increase the yield. Most of the large melon varieties have one fruit per plant, and its yield per unit area is composed of two factors per plant per plant and single fruit weight.
Therefore, it should be ensured that the weight of the single fruit is properly densely planted. The vine leaves of the winter melon plant grow on the ground, which is not convenient for plant adjustment, and should not be closely planted; the shed melon is basically flat growth, and is not conducive to close planting; the winter melon can use space to grow, combined with plant adjustment and vine propagation is conducive to dense planting. At present, most of the winter melon varieties cultivated in Hainan are large-scale varieties. The flat stalk cultivation is generally about 350 cm wide (continuous ditch), double-row planting, plant spacing 70-80 cm, and about 500 plants per mu;
The winter melon cultivation method generally has a plant spacing of 150×(70-80) cm, about 600 plants per mu; the melon is generally about 400-500 cm wide (continuous ditch), double planting, and the plant spacing is about 80-100 cm. About 400 plants are planted in acres.
The planting density of winter melon is also related to the level of fertilizer and water management. If the fertilizer is sufficient, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, and the management level is high, the emphasis should be on growing the fruit to strive for high yield and high quality, and not too dense. On the basis of removing all the side vines, the main vine topping can be denser than the topping.
Land preparation and soil preparation, the root system of winter melon is very developed, and the growth period is long. In order to obtain higher yield, it is necessary to select deep sandy soil with rich organic matter and a pH value of 6-6.5 to clay loam. At the same time, in order to avoid winter In the spring, the winter melon seedlings encounter cold wave and spring drought in the early stage, and the summer rain in the late stage, it is suitable to choose the back north to the south, and the irrigation and drainage is convenient; the autumn and winter melon often encounters the influence of the typhoon and wind, and the selected land should be a dry land with convenient irrigation and drainage. It is appropriate.
After the melons are selected, they should be deep-rooted as soon as possible. The depth is about 30 cm. Winter melons cultivated in winter and spring are better for late rice fields with convenient drainage and irrigation. After harvesting late rice, you should plow the field and whiten it before planting.
After the land preparation, the planting rules should be planned and the noodles should be prepared. Then, the ridges should be ridged on the surface, the ridge width is 80-100 cm, the ridge height is about 30 cm, and the ridges are left on each side for half a mile. There is a shallow ditch, in order to prepare for the vines and ridges. The acupoints along the ridge are determined by the spacing of the plants. The depth of the hole is about 30 cm and the width of the hole is about 40 cm. Winter melon has a long growing period and a strong absorption capacity of the roots. Therefore, the base fertilizer should be applied.
The base fertilizer is generally based on high-quality farmyard manure, more than 2000 kg per mu, 30-50 kg of bean cake, 40-50 kg of superphosphate. After stacking, mix the ditch or the hole, mix well with the soil and sow or Colonization. For loamy soil or clay soil, when conditions permit, 30-40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 15-20 kg of urea can be used per acre to carry out full-layer mixing to meet the balanced supply of nutrients. For sandy soils, the soil should be reduced to prevent damage.
The mulching film ensures high-yield and stable production of winter melon land cover cultivation, which can create higher temperature, light, water, fertilizer, soil and other cultivation environment conditions, promote the growth and development of winter melon roots and plants, and reduce some pests and diseases. And cold, drought, heavy rain and so on. Thus, a significant yield increase effect can be obtained. It has been proved by experiments that the cultivation of winter melon in winter and spring in Hainan is generally 30%-50% higher than that in open field cultivation; in severe weather conditions, the yield is sometimes increased by more than 1 time.
The mulching film covers the cultivation of winter melon, and the method is generally only covered on the ridge of the cultivar. The width of the film is 80-120 cm, and the colors are white, black and silver. The white film has a good warming effect, but the weeds are easy to grow, and the pre-emergence herbicide must be sprayed before the film is coated:
For example, butachlor or acetochlor, the dosage per acre is 75-100 ml, the water spray surface is about 30 kg, and then the film is coated; the black film warming effect is slightly worse, but the weeds can be prevented; Silver-gray membranes can repel aphids and reduce the occurrence and spread of viral diseases. Before laminating, be sure to level the ground, apply enough base fertilizer, and keep the soil moist. When laminating, be sure to flatten the film and press the film to prevent it.
When planting the melon after mulching, pay attention to the rooting water, and cover the opening with fine soil. After that, be careful not to make the humidity inside the film too large, so as not to cause roots. As long as the soil is wet when covering the membrane, generally no watering is required within about 20 days after the seedling is removed. In the future, if rice is lacking, the method of furrow irrigation should be adopted, and only half of the ditch water can be used.
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