Nursery
Late-autumn seedlings Late-autumn seedlings have different requirements in different regions. The latest time is 30 to 40 days before the beginning of the frost. The late seedlings will not grow enough to affect the wintering of the seedlings. Late autumn nursery generally adds a small shed before the first frost, which can extend the growth period of the seedlings by 20-30 days. Due to the high temperature during the day, the small arch sheds were ventilated during the day and the temperature was controlled below 30 degrees. In the evening, the small sheds were tightly insulated. When the natural temperature is very low, the seedlings in the small arch shed will suffer from frost damage and wilting. At this time, the overwintering water is poured and the seedling age has reached more than 60 days, and it can be safely wintered. In winter, small sheds can be kept and can be removed without affecting the survival rate of seedlings.
In general, the seedlings are overwintering in the seedlings and they should be protected. A layer of 4 to 5 centimeters of organic fertilizer can be sprinkled on the seedlings, especially donkeys, horses, and sheep manures. However, in the winter, the seedbed must not be allowed to dry, otherwise it will be easy to freeze the seedlings. Because asparagus can withstand the low temperature of minus 36 degrees, as long as the winter seedlings do not dry out, without losing water, generally do not freeze dead seedlings. Regardless of nursery seedlings or open field seedlings, the average seedling age can reach 60 to 80 days, and 3 to 4 shoots on the ground can be planted.
Prepare before broadcast
Asparagus Seed Seed The skin is thick and hard, with waxy water absorption difficulties. It must be soaked and germinated before sowing. Before soaking, rinse the seeds with clean water and rinse the seeds. Then soak in well water for 2 days, remove and then use a wet towel to cover the germination. Rinse the seeds twice a day with water to avoid boring. Seeds can be sown after 10% whitening.
Seed selection of fertile sandy loam soil, every 50 grams of seeds using 20 square meters seedlings can be, first filling the bottom water, according to line spacing 10 cm line, single seeds on demand in the center, covered with 2 cm thick over the screening fine earth. If the temperature is high, sprinkle wheat straw or grass on top. In order to prevent underground pests, sprinkle a small amount of baits on the ground. After sowing, it can be covered with a small shed (90-120 cm in width and 50 cm in height), which can extend the growth time of seedlings and better protect the seedlings from wintering safely. The control temperature in the arch is 25°C~30°C during the day and 15°C~18°C during the night. When the temperature exceeds 32°C, the ventilation of the membrane at both ends must be promptly opened.
Asparagus seedlings cultivated in the fall, the stems on the ground can grow to about 30 centimeters. After the arrival of winter, they stop growing. The stems on the ground are dry, and the overwintering water is poured over before freezing. If there are no exposed seedlings protected by a small arch shelter, sprinkle a layer of soil-fertilizer or wheat straw to protect it. After the land is thawed next year, it can be rooted and transplanted.
After sowing and broadcasting
The sowing time is to use the longest growing season and sowing as early as possible in the spring. Sowing time should be in the ground temperature of 18 °C ~ 20 °C, after the frost period. The higher the ground temperature, even reaching 32°C, the faster the sprouting. Seeding too late in the growing season can lead to smaller mother plants. Therefore, if sowing late in the growing season, use various methods to promote rapid and uninterrupted growth of the plant.
Plant spacing and seedling bed structure plant spacing of 5 to 7 cm to obtain the best mother of the asparagus, the distance is too small will reduce the yield of the mother plant, if too large is a waste of land. The seeds are sown in a soil cavity about 2 cm deep. If there are weeds all year round, or if the annual weeds are too high, the land cannot be used. The finer the soil, the more conducive it is to cultivating asparagus mother plants because of the ease of cultivating and transplanting mother plants.
The structure of the seedbed depends mostly on the grower's individual and the appliance to which it is applied. The spacing of the commonly used seedbed centers is 75 centimeters, sowing one row per seedbed. This type of seedbed is suitable for dense planting, thus providing the maximum number of plants per acre. The seedbed can be furrowed, and the mother plant is easy to excavate when it matures or enters dormancy.
Fertilization and irrigation Fertility of the soil used to cultivate the mother plants of asparagus is good and the material conditions are good. Fertilizers to be added include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and some of the insufficient nutrients in the soil. Before planting, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium needed for each hectare of land is 16, 20, and 20 kg for the first month of seedling growth. The subsequent application of 40-50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare per month ensures that the seedlings grow at the maximum rate.
Irrigation methods vary from person to person, and the amount of water used is determined by the type and structure of the soil. Frequent and rapid irrigation keeps the soil moist, but it must not be too humid during the entire growing season of the asparagus mother plant. It is generally required that irrigation after fertilization is beneficial to plant absorption and utilization of nutrients. Asparagus is very salt-tolerant after ripening, and asparagus seedlings are less salt-tolerant, so salt accumulation should be reduced in the early stage of seedling growth.
Plant management
Asparagus is more cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, chloric and alkali-resistant, and suitable for growing in sandy loam soil and loam soil with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, good permeability and cool water, and good drainage and irrigation conditions. The pH of the soil is preferably neutral, and acidic soils and heavy saline soils below 5.5 or more are not suitable for cultivation. Fertility requirements
The normal growth of asparagus requires multiple nutrients. In many elements, there are more nitrogen and potassium, but less phosphorus. In the trace elements, calcium, zinc, manganese, and chlorine are indispensable. Scientific fertilization
Skillful application of Bud Fertilizer: All organic fertilizers can be re-used at one time, and can also be applied to 80% of the total amount. An annual output of 1,000 kilograms of asparagus land per acre requires more roots (CL) 25~5-15 Asparagus special fertilizer 50 kg, combined with spring soil loose shoots, 30 to 40 cm away from the side of the line, open 10 cm ditch into the buried flat.
Supplementary application of relay fertilizer: in the mining period of 4 months, must be applied multiple times after the application of relay fertilizer, bamboo shoots early low temperature, can open the ditch, as the temperature increases, can be combined irrigation irrigation, To adjust fertilizer with water, it is recommended to apply more than 150 kg of special fertilizer (CL) 25-5-15 asparagus per acre and a special water soluble fertilizer for “as long†asparagus in the later period.
Re-apply autumn fat: After harvesting asparagus, turn the stem and leave the tree to reapply autumn fat. Apply per acre ditching roots (CL) 22-10-10 special fertilizer for asparagus 70 kg, while applying the remaining organic fertilizer.
Pest control
The disease is mainly asparagus stem blight, and there is no cure for this disease yet. It can only be prevented.
Soil Disinfection: Use 50% of Fomebi Double Powder 2 kg, mix fine soil 50 kg, combine phoxim granules or chlorpyrifos granules for killing underground pests, and apply them one at a time during site preparation.
Greenhouse cultivation
Asparagus is cultivated in protected areas, cold winter areas require winter greenhouses, Huanghuai River Basin is used for large arches, and south of the Yangtze River Valley is used for bread sheds or small sheds.
Asparagus seeds are selected from the asparagus prince, Grande, Champion, Apollo and other hybrids.
Seedling time Asparagus in the northern region can be nursed from the open season from March to September. It can also be nursed in the winter in greenhouses. The south can be raised every year.
Immersion germination in spring with 30 ~ 35 °C warm water soak for 2 to 3 days (summer and autumn seedlings soaked in cold well water), after pouring water, then cover with a wet towel germination, rinse the seeds twice a day to avoid with water to avoid Boring, so that the seeds can be sown after 10% of the dew.
The sowing method is to select the sandy loam soil for planting. Every 50g of seeds are sown with 20 square meters. The bottom water shall be filled and the soil shall be lined with a spacing of 10 centimeters. The single seeds shall be sowed in the center and covered with 2cm thick screened fine soil.
Transplanting and colonization of asparagus is preferred for transplanting from June to July, because the time for field management is short, and the harvest can be harvested before and after the Spring Festival. The seedlings of the previous year can also be transplanted. This kind of seedling is large and has a long seedling age, which is higher than the spring seedling yield.
Asparagus in the greenhouse is preserved in the east-west direction and transplanted in the north-south direction. The row spacing is 120 centimeters, the plant spacing is 25 centimeters, and 36 rows are planted in each row. In order to ensure bamboo shoots harvested in the winter, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened in summer and autumn.
Summer management In order to accelerate the growth of asparagus, from mid-July to mid-August, 50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied every 667 square meters, timely watering after recovery, and pest and disease management in the rainy season.
The Qingyuan Garden poured water in November, and after a few days, it would dry up the stems of the ground and gather it.
Single sheds are used for the sheds, corn stalks are enclosed on the north slope, and grass sheds cover the sheds. In the shed, a small arch of 70 centimeters high was lined up.
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