Release date: 2015-06-02
In a paper published in the May 21 issue of Cell, scientists from the Hubrecht Institute described a major discovery of cancer metastasis research. Scientists have confirmed that metastatic cancer cells can replicate this behavior to low-grade cancer cells. This research finding provides some important new insights into cancer behavior and has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Cancer is caused by a cumulative error in cellular genetic information (DNA). Some errors can cause cells to ignore signals that control growth and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled cell division. This eventually leads to tumor growth, in which the tumor cells get more and more errors. Since these DNA errors in each tumor cell are different (tumor heterogeneity), the behavior of these individual tumor cells can also vary. This has made cancer difficult to treat: some DNA mismatches make certain tumor cells resistant to treatment.
Giving cancer camera
To better understand the behavior of individual tumor cells, Professor Jacco van Rheenen of the Hubrecht Institute developed a special microscopy technique (in vivo microscope) to capture the behavior of cancer cells in living organisms. The researchers gave a different color to the tumor cells carrying different DNA errors - using fluorescent markers to make them emit different colors of light. By photographing these colored cells, you can clearly see which cells are active and can move in the body to cause metastases.
Image: 3D reconstruction of breast tumors
Invasive malignant cancer cells (blue) release some very small vesicles that contain molecules that can malignant cells. Low-grade malignant cells (red) ingest these vesicles to alter their behavior: low-grade malignant cells become more malignant and begin to metastasize (green)
Vesicle
Anoek Zomer and colleagues at Jacco van Rheenen's research team used live microscopy to confirm that cancer cells carrying some DNA mutations that cause malignant transformation can transfer their malignant behavior to low-grade cancer cells without these DNA errors. Their images show that malignant cancer cells release very small vesicles, which contain molecules that make cells malignant. By imaging tumors, scientists have shown that low-malignant cells ingest these vesicles to alter their behavior: low-grade cells become more malignant and begin to metastasize. Scientists have also confirmed that these dangerous vesicles can pass through the blood to other tumors and replicate malignant behavior over long distances.
This study shows that cells with certain DNA errors can replicate their behavior to cells that do not have these DNA errors. This is of great significance for conducting follow-up studies leading to better diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cancer and metastases.
Source: Biopass
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