First, nutrition
Although Pleurotus ostreatus is a woody rot fungus, the requirements for the culture material are not strict. As long as it has the nutritive elements culture materials needed for the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, it can be used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, such as wood chips, cottonseed hulls, waste cotton and corn. The raw materials such as the core, rice straw, and distiller's grains are properly treated to achieve a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and can be used for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. It is generally believed that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the trophozootic growth phase of Pleurotus ostreatus is suitable for 20:1, and 40:1 for reproductive growth. Accordingly, in order to increase the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, nitrogen sources should be properly supplemented. Inorganic nitrogen source mainly refers to nitrates, ammonium salts and other substances, but should not be added, otherwise it will inhibit the growth of mycelia; organic nitrogen sources include bran, rice bran, corn flour, soybean flour, human and animal feces and so on. Cultures supplemented with organic nitrogen sources need to be sterilized or bulk-fermented before they can be used for cultivation. When raw materials are cultivated, avoid adding an organic nitrogen source for appeal, otherwise it is easy to infect the bacteria, resulting in the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Second, the temperature
Temperature is an important environmental factor that influences the natural occurrence of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation. The growth temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is in the range of 3 °C to 35 °C, and it grows slowly below 7 °C, and grows faster than 15 °C. The temperature of mycelium growth is the most temperature. It is 24-28°C. The suitable temperature for differentiation and development of fruiting bodies differs depending on the variety. The low temperature type fruit body needs 12-15°C, the medium temperature type needs 16-22°C, the high temperature type needs 20-28°C, and the wide temperature type fruit body forms. The temperature range is wider.
Pleurotus ostreatus is a warm-tempered mushroom, which requires a temperature-dependent stimulus when the fruit body is formed. In the specific cultivation should be flexible according to different varieties. If raw materials are used for cultivation, the microorganisms in the culture materials will contain more microorganisms, and they will breathe faster and produce the greatest amount of heat, often increasing the temperature of the materials. Cultivation should adopt the principle of "rather than not high," and the appropriate ambient temperature should be around 20°C. In addition, in the optimum temperature range for fruiting body growth, when the temperature is low, the fruit body grows slowly, but the mushroom quality is hypertrophy; when the temperature is high, although the mushroom body has a fast maturation price, the mushroom has a thin cover and is of poor quality. Therefore, understanding the temperature type of the cultivated oyster mushroom is one of the keys to the cultivation of the oyster mushroom.
Third, moisture and humidity
Pleurotus ostreatus is a kind of hygroscopic mushroom. Pleurotus ostreatus needs water for its growth and development, and most of it comes from culture materials. Therefore, the moisture content of the culture material is an important factor that influences mycelial growth and mushrooming. During the germination period, the moisture of the culture medium should be controlled within the range of 60-65%, depending on the cultivation materials and cultivation methods. Pleurotus ostreatus in the germination period is generally closed cultivation management, this stage is not strict on the air humidity, generally around 60-70%. Pleurotus ostreatus primordium differentiation and fruit body development period, metabolic activity is very strong, coupled with open management, it is required to increase the relative humidity of the air, generally 85-95% of the relative humidity of the air, can form a thick and fat fruiting body .
Fourth, air
Pleurotus ostreatus has different requirements for oxygen and carbon dioxide at different stages of growth. According to research, during the growth phase of mycelia, if the concentration of carbon dioxide is between 20-30%, the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus will increase by 30-40% compared with normal air. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is greater than 30%, the growth of mycelium is significantly inhibited. Therefore, in the growth phase of Pleurotus ostreatus, it is more resistant to carbon dioxide, covering the plastic film on the surface of the material, resulting in a relatively closed environment, making the mushroom Hyphae in semi-anaerobic state, and other aerobic bacteria is not easy to grow and reproduce, can achieve the promotion of mycelial growth, to prevent bacterial contamination and moisturizing purposes. However, half anaerobic does not mean that there is no oxygen. Therefore, when covering with a thin film, a needle should be used to pierce the pores on the membrane to form a microporous effect, so that an appropriate amount of air can be exchanged, which is beneficial to the growth of mycelium and facilitates management. When the mycelium grows and matures, the amount of ventilation must be increased to meet the oxygen demand of the primordial differentiation and fruit body development. At this time, if the ventilation is poor, it will cause the oyster pedicel length, small cover, and even the formation of malformed mushrooms. With regard to temperature, humidity, and air, these three environmental factors must be taken into consideration and coordinated so that they cannot be missed.
V. Lighting
In the stage of mycelial growth, darkness is conducive to the growth of mycelium; in the mushrooming stage, proper astigmatism must be given before the primordium can occur. Therefore, in the stage of mycelial growth, care should be taken to avoid care until the mycelium is full. Timely transmission of astigmatism to promote primordial differentiation. Only in this way can the mushrooms be neat, have many crops and produce high yields.
Sixth, pH
Pleurotus ostreatus is the same as other wood rot fungi, and it grows on acidic culture materials. The pH value is in the range of 5.8-6.2 and the mycelium length is the best. Generally prepared culture materials, the natural pH value can basically meet the needs of mycelial growth, without testing and regulation. During the growth process of Pleurotus ostreatus, the pH of the culture material is decreased due to the production of acid by metabolism. During cultivation, in order to prevent the contamination of the bacteria, the pH of the culture material may be slightly higher.
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