On October 8th, the cold dew just passed, and Hebei Province ushered in a round of large-scale cooling. The meteorological data show that from October 5 to 10, the daily minimum temperature is 3.6 °C lower than that of the previous year, which is the lowest temperature in the calendar year, allowing people to experience the feeling of “seconds into the late autumnâ€. Sweet potato growers should pay close attention to harvest and scientific storage.
Sweet potato originated in the tropics and is a thermophilic crop. It is prone to chilling when exposed to low temperatures. Because sweet potato is an asexual vegetative body, it is different from other crops in the maturity stage. The timely harvest of sweet potato has a great impact on the economic benefits of the year.
Harvesting too early will shorten the growth time of roots, and the yield and drying rate will be significantly reduced. The traditional mantle storage method, high temperature, early harvesting for storage, easy to cause various diseases, resulting in economic losses.
The harvest is too late, especially for starch-processed varieties. After the ground temperature is lower than 9 °C, the roots not only stop growing, but also the starch content decreases due to the physiological reaction to low temperature, the sugar content increases, the drying rate and the flour yield decrease, and the field pest damage The probability is increased, the storability is poor, and the direct economic benefits are affected.
The suitable harvest period should be that the local temperature drops to 15 °C, the harvest begins when the stems and leaves grow and the roots expand, and the harvest is completed before the first frost. The actual harvest period on production depends on various factors such as climatic conditions, variety use, farming system, market demand, pest and disease conditions, etc. In the past five years, the province has successively harvested from late June to late October.
This year's first frost was nearly 7 to 10 days earlier than in previous years, so we reminded the majority of potato farmers to hurry up and stop the harvest and put forward the following three technical suggestions:
First, pay attention to meteorological information and harvest in time. The potato chips after frosting are susceptible to cold damage and soft rot occurs during storage, so it is necessary to hurry to harvest. The harvest should be carried out on a sunny day. If the soil moisture is too large, it is advisable to first vine, and after 1 to 2 days of exposure, harvest the sweet potato.
The second is to focus on harvesting operations and reduce damage. When receiving the goods, it should be lightly planed, lightly loaded, lightly transported and lightly placed to avoid damage to the potato chips. Sick potato chips should be sorted in time to avoid mixing and prevent large-scale spread of infection during storage.
The third is to pay attention to the management of storage period, timely ventilation and temperature and humidity adjustment, especially the use of low temperature mandatory ventilation at night to cool the inside of the raft. Sweet potato tubers have a safe storage temperature of 10 °C to 12 °C. They are not in a dormant state during storage, and aerobic respiration is still required. Therefore, an appropriate amount of oxygen should be ensured to prevent anaerobic respiration.
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