Studies reveal that nicotine and alcohol have opposite abnormalities in brain function
January 9, 2019 Source: Web of Science Author: Huang Xin Xiao warm
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];"Smoking is harmful to health", "small wine is good, big wine hurts", "a drunken solution", such proverbs have long been familiar in modern society. However, how do cigarettes and alcohol affect people's brains and health? Professor Feng Jianfeng, Dean of the Institute of Brain Intelligence Science and Technology of Fudan University, led an international team of researchers from Warwick University, Oxford University, and Cambridge University to reveal that different mechanisms of smoking and drinking have different neural circuits. The brain acts in the opposite abnormal pattern.
This discovery lays a theoretical foundation for revealing the mechanism of action of nicotine and alcohol on the brain, and is of great significance to the global public health problem of tobacco and alcohol addiction and the development of specific treatment methods for tobacco and alcohol addiction.
On January 8, the results were published online in the authoritative journal “eLife†in the field of biomedicine. At the same time, the paper was selected as a special report on eLife digest.
"The brain function connection of the smokers showed an overall weakening trend." According to Feng Jianfeng, the research team integrated the American Brain Connection Group Program and the European Youth Data Two Brain Image Database, based on resting state functional magnetic resonance brain image data for nearly 2000. Participants conducted brain network modeling and analysis, and found neural circuits closely related to smoking and drinking. The study found that in the long-term smoking group, the synchrony between the brain regions of the subjects was significantly reduced, and the abnormal brain regions were mainly concentrated in the penal (non-reward) function-related lateral orbitofrontal cortex; in the long-term drinking group, The synchrony between their brain regions is significantly increased, and the abnormal brain regions are mainly concentrated in the medial orbitofrontal cortex associated with the reward function.
Cheng Yi, the first author of the research paper and a young researcher at the Brain Intelligence Institute of Fudan University, explained that “the brain function connection, that is, the synchronicity of functional signals in different brain regions, can be simply understood as the synergy of brain regions. Human brain Various functions require synergy between different brain regions to complete. This increase or decrease in synchrony abnormalities affects the function of the human brain."
Feng Jianfeng said that the lateral orbitofrontal cortex of the human brain mainly involves negative stimuli such as punishment (non-reward), while the medial orbitofrontal cortex mainly involves positive stimuli such as rewards. The study found that the smoking group had reduced sensitivity to brain punishment, while the drinking group had increased sensitivity to brain reward function. Whether it is desensitizing to punishment or being too excited about rewards can lead to people's dependence on certain substances. This also explains the dependence of long-term smoking and drinking on nicotine and alcohol.
At the same time, the study also found that these brain connections associated with smoking and drinking were significantly associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and impulsive behavior.
At present, the proportion of people who smoke and drink is high in the world. According to the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO) official website, about 1.1 billion people worldwide smoke and 2.3 billion people drink alcohol, of which heavy drinkers account for 18.4%, and heavy smokers account for 15.2%. According to WHO data, in China, the number of smokers exceeds 300 million, accounting for one-third of the world's total smokers. In the past 30 years, an average of 2,000 Chinese people died of smoking every day; while China has nearly 500 million people drinking.
“This huge amount of data indicates that smoking and drinking are increasingly becoming a global public health problem. If you can understand the addictive mechanism of alcohol and nicotine on the human brain, it will play an important role in the treatment of alcohol and tobacco addiction.†Asked why he did this research, Cheng Hao answered this.
It is reported that the research lasted for two years, and the research team was jointly led by Professor Edmund Rolls from Oxford University, Trevor W. Robbins, professor at Cambridge University, and Professor at King's College London. The team, such as Gunter Schumann, conducted research together.
“It is worth noting that, through data-driven methods, we can conclude in the study that 'a small amount of smoking and drinking can also show abnormalities in brain connections, which in turn affects the cognitive function of the human brain'. Not long ago, the results of large-scale drinking surveys published on the Lancet were very consistent.†Feng Jianfeng said that this once again reminded the public that the traditional understanding of small cigarettes does not hurt the body may lead to wrong health habits. .
“Interestingly, this finding is also very relevant to the results of our previous study on depression in the prefrontal cortex on the same area. We found that the brain connection of depressed patients is exactly the opposite of smoking alcohol, which is guessed, Smoking and drinking groups may be less likely to suffer from depression or a certain degree of smoking and drinking may alleviate the symptoms of depression.†Feng Jianfeng further introduced that another research result of the research group recently revealed that depressed patients are sensitive to negative stimuli. Sexual increase, reduced sensitivity to positive stimuli; and new research findings reveal that smoking and drinking are the opposite, more sensitive to positive stimuli and slower to negative stimuli.
"In the future, we will further explain through experiments and data the interesting phenomenon that smoking alcohol and depression have the opposite pattern," Cheng said.
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