Amaranth still has two production methods for collecting wild and artificial cultivation. Artificial cultivation has cultivation in open field and cultivation in protected areas. Open field cultivation can be carried out in the spring and autumn of the Yangtze and Huanghuai areas, generally in autumn. From the end of July to October, it can be planted successively, and the harvest in mid-September-March is finished, but the yield in August is the highest. Sowing too early, the weather is hot and dry, there are many heavy rains, and it is difficult to emerge. It should be covered with a sunshade net. Sowing late, the seedlings will be cold when they are 2-3 pieces of true leaves, and are susceptible to freezing damage. Spring sowing can be cultivated in a solar greenhouse or plastic greenhouse, and is delayed in advance, which is an efficient cultivation method.
1. Site selection. Amaranth cultivation should choose land with fertile land and few weeds. The ploughing of the land should not be too deep, the surface must be leveled and fine, and the clods should not be too thick, so as to prevent the seeds from leaking into the depths, it is not easy to emerge, and the deep ditch is high and the irrigation and drainage is convenient.
2. Sowing. Spring cultivation is carried out in late February - late April, summer cultivation in early July - late August, and autumn cultivation in early September - early October. The amount of sowing is 0.75-1 kg per mu in spring, 1.5-2 kg per mu in summer, and 1-1.5 kg per acre in autumn. Before sowing, mix the seeds with the dry fine soil 2-3 times, and spread it to spread, and strive to be even. After the sowing, gently rub the face with your feet, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil and water is poured. Spring and autumn sowing is covered with plastic film, and summer sowing is covered with sunshade net to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After the emergence of the seedlings, the mulch or shade net is removed to keep the surface moist and promote growth.
3. Field management is rational fertilization. Generally, 3-4 days after the autumn sowing, the seedlings will emerge in the spring of 6-15 days. When the seedlings have 2 true leaves, the first top dressing is applied, and 0.3% of the urea solution is applied per acre, 1000 kg. 2 times of topdressing is carried out 7-10 days before harvest, and once every harvest is once applied. Watering at the right time. Amaranth seeds are small and susceptible to soil moisture. Pay attention to watering and moisturizing before emergence. Watering time should be early and late. To master the principles of light pouring and deep pouring, you cannot pour through it at one time.
Timely weeding. Amaranth plants are short, usually spread, weeds and amaranth mixed together weeding is more difficult, labor, should be combined with harvesting weeds.
Pest control. Downy mildew and aphids are the main pests and diseases of amaranth, and comprehensive control should be adopted. The first is to clear the ditch, prevent the accumulation of water in the field, remove the weeds in time, and make the plants ventilate and transmit light. Second, use 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 72% gram dew 600-800 times solution to spray down the mildew disease. . Aphid forest or pyrethroid pesticides can be used for locust control.
4. Harvest. Amaranth is harvested in divided portions, and each harvest should be large and small, and the plant should be even and appropriate. In the early autumn, the leeks are planted, and the true leaves are harvested from 10 to 13 pieces. They are harvested 30-35 days after sowing, and then harvested 4-5 times in stages, until the end of March next year, the total output of the mu is 2500-3000 kg. Autumn amaranth sowed in early October takes 45-60 days to start harvesting. The leeks that were sown in late February were harvested in early April. Spring sowing is generally harvested 1-2 times, and the yield per mu is about 1000 kg.
5. Keep seeding. The cultivated leeks should be established separately to keep the fields, and the plots should be selected for high dryness, good drainage and moderate fertility. The seeding is generally carried out in late September-early October, with a seed volume of about 1 kg, spread and diluted. In the middle of February, a plant selection was carried out, and weak, inferior plants and hybrid plants that did not conform to the characteristics of the variety were removed, and the plant spacing of 12 cm square was maintained, and the fertilizer was topdressed once. In late March, the moss is budded, flowering in late April, and harvesting seeds in early May. Timely harvesting is the key to keeping amaranth seeds. When the seed pods are turned from yellow to yellow, the harvest is suitable for the harvest period. Harvest on the sunny day before 10:00 am, and dry for 1 hour on the spot. Then use the film or sheet to spread in the field, pick up the seeds, and clean and dry. Avoid exposure, about 50 kg per acre. The seeds are orange-red and have a bright color. The service life is 2-3 years.
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