Bitter gourd is a genus of the genus Cucurbitaceae. It is a vegetable used for heat-clearing and detoxifying in summer because of its bitter taste. It is also good to eat the bitter gourd to enhance the vitality of the cortex and make the skin tender and fit. Raw food is clearing heat and purging fire, relieving heat and removing troubles; cooked food nourishing blood and nourishing the liver, moistening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, has a very high nutritional value, so what kind of planting methods are needed to improve the yield of bitter gourd? Let's go check it out!
Bitter gourd planting
First, choose the land
Planting bitter gourd should choose soil with deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, or sand soil. It is best to plant land without melons and fruits to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Second, sowing, seedling
1 The seed should be disinfected before sowing. It can be disinfected with 10% copper sulfate 100 times. Because the surface of bitter gourd seeds is relatively hard, it should be soaked for 8~12 hours before germination, then the seeds are placed at 30 °C. The germination is carried out in an environment of 35 ° C, and the seed can be sown when the seed is about 60% white.
2 Seedlings can be nursed by using plastic bags or nutrient cups with nutritious soil arranged in advance. The nutrient cup should be irrigated on the day before sowing, and the temperature should be controlled after sowing.
Bitter melon cultivation method
Third, colonization
1 When the bitter gourd seedlings grow four to five leaves, they can be transplanted and cultivated. One to two days before the transplant is needed, the seedlings can be refined to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings. At the time of transplantation, the roots of the seedlings should be soiled as much as possible, because the roots of the bitter gourd have a weaker ability to regenerate.
2 The soil before planting can be applied with high-quality organic fertilizer and leveled and fine. In the open field cultivation, ridges can be used. Water must be poured when planting, but bitter gourd is generally resistant to mites, so the field should have good irrigation and drainage facilities.
Fourth, field management during cultivation
1 timely weeding and fertilization: In order to ensure the yield of bitter gourd, it is necessary to eradicate the weeds in the bitter gourd field, which not only helps to increase the permeability of the soil, but also ensures the growth of the seedlings; the process of watering the bitter gourd In order to properly fertilize, to ensure the supply of nutrients.
2 Carrying out the vines: When the bitter gourd grows side vines, it is necessary to frame the bitter gourd to help the growth of the bitter gourd vines. The way of scaffolding mainly includes horizontal scaffolding, bamboo scaffolding and herringbone frame. In the early stage of the climbing of the vines, it is necessary to deal with the tying of the vines. This is to make the vines better.
Balsam planting skills
3 artificial pollination: If it is in the case of natural pollination, the pollination rate of bitter gourd is relatively low, which will affect the yield of bitter gourd, so it is necessary to artificially pollinate bitter gourd. In order to improve the success rate of artificial pollination, it is generally necessary to conduct pollination on the day of bitter gourd flowering. The time is usually between 9:00 am and 11:00 am on the same day, because the pollen of female flowers is the most.
4 Pest Control: The main pests of bitter gourd in the process of planting are whitefly and spotted fly. These pests often cause bitter gourd to suffer from downy mildew, powdery mildew and gray mold, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control work throughout the cultivation process. It should be noted that when using pesticides, pesticides that meet national standards should be used.
5 Harvest: The growth of bitter gourd is relatively fast, and the fruit can be harvested generally after 12 days of flowering. The best picking time for bitter gourd is half a month after flowering. The bitter gourd in this period is the most full, and the color changes from dark green to bright green. It should be noted that in order to not affect the appearance of bitter gourd at the time of picking, the action is light when picking.
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