Nutrient loss is affected by factors such as the amount of fertilization, time of fertilization, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The higher the amount of fertilizer, the greater the risk of nutrient loss; the greater the rainfall and the higher the rainfall intensity, the greater the nutrient loss. One week after fertilization is a high-risk period of nutrient loss, and one week later, the risk is low. Therefore, in accordance with the law of occurrence of nutrient loss, scientific and reasonable fertilization plans are formulated, the existing fertilization technology and methods are optimized, and the occurrence and discharge of non-point source pollutants are reduced as much as possible from the source, and the negative impact of chemical fertilizer application on the environment is minimized. Common technologies include soil testing and formula fertilization, the application of slow and controlled release fertilizers, the addition of fertilizer synergists, the partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, the integration of water and fertilizers, mechanical deep application, and multiple fertilization as needed.
Soil testing and formula fertilization are based on soil testing, fertilizer field trials, and farm household surveys. According to the law of crop fertilizer requirements, soil fertilization performance and fertilizer effects, and on the basis of rational application of organic fertilizers, it is proposed that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium, phosphorus, potassium, The application amount, application period and application method of fertilizers such as trace elements.
Slow and controlled-release fertilizer technology refers to reducing or controlling the release rate of nutrients in fertilizers through an optimal regulation mechanism such as coating to make it consistent with the nutrient requirements of crops. The use of slow and controlled release fertilizers combined with mechanical deep application technology can maximize fertilizer utilization and reduce nutrient loss.
Partial replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can reduce the input of chemical fertilizers in the farmland, and can improve soil fertility while reducing investment and emission reduction.
Fertilization with integrated water and fertilizer or mechanical side-depth fertilization can maintain crop yields on the basis of reducing nitrogen fertilizer input by 20% to 30%, maximize nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduce ammonia volatilization losses.
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