1. The principles of later water and fertilizer management
The principle of water and fertilizer management in the later period depends on the wheat situation. It is not always necessary to topdress and irrigate, nor to control water and fertilizer. In view of the growth characteristics of wheat in the later stage, it is centered on grain formation, including flowering and insemination, grain filling and other processes. It will determine the grain weight and number of grains and play a vital role in wheat yield. Since the leaves are the organs for the production of photosynthetic products and transpiration in wheat, if the leaves senescence too fast in the later stage, it will be unfavorable for filling;
2. Specific measures for water and fertilizer management
The goal of water and fertilizer management is to maintain root vitality, extend leaf function period, prevent premature aging and late maturity; in order to promote the transfer of photosynthetic products to the grain, strive for grain weight. Take the following management measures for different wheat conditions:
1. For wheat fields where the leaf color is obviously weakened during the heading stage and the population is not large, you can apply nitrogen fertilizer once, and irrigate the blooming-grouting water at the same time. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriate, and a small amount of nitrogen can be supplemented. If it is too much, it will lead to late maturity or even lodging. It must be properly controlled to achieve the purpose of increasing the thousand-grain weight and even conducive to the number of grains. Nitrogen fertilizers can be ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate or urea. Topdressing with urea should be 2 days in advance. The net amount of nitrogen should not exceed 1.5-2 kg per mu.
2. For wheat fields with large populations, in order to prevent lodging caused by dry and hot wind in the later stage, spray humic acid solution with a concentration of 1% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%-0.5%) plus urea twice during the post-flowering-filling period. (0.5%-1%) mixed solution; also can spray silicon fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer solution (the concentration is about 1% each). Where fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, it is generally necessary to spray twice, with an interval of 4-5 days. This is not only beneficial to maintain the thousand-grain weight, but also to prevent and resist the lodging problem caused by dry and hot wind.
3. In normal wheat fields with irrigated conditions, depending on the soil moisture, irrigate blooming water or grouting water in time before the filling peak. This water is conducive to the development of wheat endosperm, enlarges the seeds and caryopsis, thereby increasing the storage capacity.
In short, the late growth of wheat flower-filling is very important to maintain yield. Later water and fertilizer management should not be relaxed, especially for modern high-yield varieties, which are characterized by great potential for increasing production in the later period and require more nitrogen in the later period. Later water and fertilizer management is the key to high yield.
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