Orchard grasses include natural grasses and artificial grasses. Natural grass growth refers to the preservation of self-sustaining benign weeds in the orchard and eradicating vicious weeds. Artificial grass planting refers to planting legumes or gramineous plants in an orchard, and cutting them regularly, covering the ground with the cut stalks, allowing them to decay and decompose naturally, thereby improving the soil structure of the orchard. It is one of the most effective technical measures to develop water-saving agriculture, self-sufficiently solve fertilizer sources, increase labor efficiency and improve the ecological environment of orchards.
What are the benefits of growing grass in an orchard
Grass cultivation in orchard has a strong ecological regulation effect. First of all, planting white clover and other legumes in orchard with grass has good nitrogen fixation effect, which can increase the content of soil organic matter, and the grass root system interacts with the soil to form a stable aggregate structure, thereby improving soil physical and chemical properties, and enhancing soil water retention and permeability. . Secondly, the orchard grassland is covered with grass, which reduces the temperature variation of the ground and topsoil layer, which can reduce the surface soil temperature by 6~14℃ in summer and increase the surface temperature by 2~3℃ in winter, which is beneficial to promote the development of fruit tree roots.
In addition, growing grass in the orchard can create a suitable habitat and living environment for the reproduction of natural enemies, increasing the types and numbers of natural enemies.
Which grass species can be selected
Grass growing in orchards is an advanced method of soil management and ecological environment regulation in orchards. It is widely used in developed countries in fruit production, but it is still in the stage of experiment and small area application in China.
In the selection of grass species, the principles of cold tolerance, drought tolerance, negative tolerance, tramp resistance, fibrous rooting, and ecological compatibility should be followed. Orchard grasses generally include legumes, such as white clover, alfalfa, lotus root, alfalfa, mung beans, black beans, sandawang, vetch, etc.; grasses such as ryegrass, bluegrass, orchardgrass , Wild oats, etc. Generally, one kind of forage is sown in an orchard, and it can also be mixed with grasses of gramineous and leguminous families. The specific measures should be adjusted to local conditions and the dominant grass species suitable for the local area should be selected.
Artificial grass cannot be planted without cutting
The grass growing in orchard is divided into whole garden growing grass, growing grass between rows and growing grass between plants. In a big tree orchard with thick soil and fertile soil, it is advisable to grow grass in the whole garden; in poor soil or in a young tree garden, it is advisable to grow grass between rows and clear ploughing between plants. An orchard with an annual rainfall of less than 500 mm and no irrigation conditions is not suitable for grass growing, and an orchard with a high density is not suitable for growing grass.
The artificially planted grass must be mowed in time after it grows up. You can't just plant it without cutting it. Cut 2 to 5 times throughout the year. Cover the cut grass in the tree tray to retain water first, and then gradually rot into fertilizer. After 3 to 5 years of growing the grass, the grass will begin to age. At this time, it should be pressed in time, and the organic matter on the surface layer should be turned into the soil.
In natural grass orchards, attention should be paid to the height of grass. Individual malignant weeds should be eradicated in time or weeds should be used to eradicate them. In addition, the grass growing in the orchard must be equipped with relevant green pest control technology to better play its role.
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