Compared with the previous Datun “籼-籼†cultivation technology, the cultivation period of the “Haked Tobacco-Japonica†in Xiajiang County of Jiangxi Province has increased the total growth period of japonica rice by about 50, which greatly improved the yield of japonica rice and improved the quality of japonica rice. The soil structure reduces the hazards of pests and diseases. Therefore, today Xiaobian talks about the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of “tobacco-indica rice†in Xiajiang County, Jiangxi Province, and I hope that it will help everyone.
1 cultivation mode features and wheels
1.1 Cultivation mode characteristics
The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode of “smoke-sorghum†in Xiajiang County is mainly based on the sowing of flue-cured tobacco, the cold-tolerance at the heading stage of japonica rice, and the long-term maturity period after the heading of the rice, giving full play to the light and temperature climate resources in the central Yunnan region and the fertile tobacco base field. Advantages, through this technology to delay the sowing and maturity of japonica rice, improve the ecological conditions in the middle and late stages of japonica rice cultivation, and improve the yield and quality of japonica rice.
1.2 The soil of flue-cured tobacco fields is consistent with the cultivation requirements of japonica rice
The cultivated land in Xiajiang County of Jiangxi Province has the characteristics of shallow soil layer and acid, plate and alfalfa. The soil is loose, deep and fertile, which is the best choice for japonica rice planting.
1.3 Make full use of surplus nutrients in flue-cured tobacco fields
Indica rice requires more fertilizer than japonica rice, especially the need to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
Flue-cured tobacco is generally applied with 9.0 kg/667 m2 of pure nitrogen, the ratio of NPK is 1:1:3, and the nutrient of organic fertilizer accounts for 30% of the total;
The organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium nutrients applied to the flue-cured tobacco were much higher than that of the early rice fields. After harvesting, the soil surplus nutrients could be fully utilized by the later japonica rice.
1.4 Late glutinous rice, large grain and high yield are played
In this demonstration area, different planting patterns were compared to the experimental plots. The results showed that the “smoke-粳†model of the seedlings had better growth than the “籼-粳†model area, with quick tillering, more effective panicles, and more large spikes (see Table 1).
The increase in effective panicle and panicle granules is the main reason for the higher yield of late pupa in the “smoke-sputum†mode than the “籼-粳†model.
Table 1 "Flavoured Tobacco - Evening" comparison sample field sampling results
1.5 Tobacco rotation is beneficial to the control of rice pests and diseases
Planting with water and drought rotation is beneficial to the development of the root system of indica rice, and the seedlings are robust and reduce the disease;
The leaves and straw of flue-cured tobacco are returned to the field, and nicotine has an insecticidal effect. At the same time, it can effectively prevent the influence of the former crops on the late mixed crops.
1.6 "Flavoured Tobacco - Late Night" rotation yields high yield and good efficiency
After the expert group tested the production of the “smoke-smear†model core demonstration area, the average yield of late evening shoal was 722.7 kg/667 m2, which was 211.2 kg/667 m2 higher than the neighboring “smoke- 籼†mode, which was better than “籼-ç²³â€. The late-season of the demonstration field increased by 70.3 kg/667 m2, which was 251.2 kg/667 m2 higher than the traditional “籼-籼†late rice. According to the investigation and analysis of other rice cultivation patterns in Xiajiang County (see Table 2).
Table 2 Production Benefits of Different Planting Patterns in Xiajiang County in 2017
2 Flue-cured tobacco cultivation techniques
2.1 Variety selection
Choose the main plant variety Yunyan 87 or K 326, and do the “one town, one product†planting.
2.2 Professional nursery
Wet seedlings and seedling standards: seedling age is about 70 days, seedling stem height is 8-10cm, stem diameter is 0.5-0.7cm, stem stalk is good, root system is developed, tobacco seedlings are neat and uniform, and no pests and diseases.
2.3 Balanced fertilization
2.3.1 Amount of fertilizer applied
Medium fertility field: 8 to 9.5 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, 60% to 30% of organic fertilizer, and 40% of nitrate nitrogen. It should be noted that fertilizer should not be applied arbitrarily to avoid tobacco greed. Green, affecting quality and late transplanting.
2.3.2 Fertilization method
Applying the base fertilizer, 15 to 20 days before transplanting, open the deep ditch above 15.0 cm in the ridge, mix the organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer into the ditch, and then restore the ridge;
In about 35 days after transplanting, the soil was combined with the soil for 4 times.
2.4 transplanting and planting
2.4.1 Cover film to be planted
Fully implement the film mulching, do a good job in deep ploughing and ridges, ridges, ridges and fine grains.
2.4.2 Planting in time
Generally transplanted around March 8th, the transplanting density should be determined according to soil fertility;
The depth of transplanting of tobacco seedlings should be moderate, and the growth point should be 1.0 to 2.0 cm.
2.5 Daejeon Management
2.5.1 Uncovering the large soil
45 days after transplanting, that is, before the top of the tobacco planting, the film was removed, the ditch, the soil, the bauxite and the ridge were released in time.
2.5.2 Topping smear
When the center flower of 30% to 50% of the tobacco plants is open, the top is removed, and the buds are suppressed in time after the topping.
2.5.3 Clearing does not apply to tobacco leaves
Remove the lower 3-5 pieces of tobacco leaves within 5 days after topping.
2.5.4 Pest Control
The main pests and diseases are: ground tigers, aphids, Spodoptera litura, bacterial wilt, and brown spot disease.
2.6 Scientific baking
To promote the intensive barn, specifically refer to "one class one" to select the corresponding curve according to the different quality of fresh leaves;
During the baking process, it is necessary to ensure that the roasted, roasted and roasted fragrant features highlight the characteristics of the tobacco leaf.
3 Indica cultivation techniques
3.1 Variety selection
Choose Yuyou 1538 as the main plant variety.
3.2 Seeding at the right time
Sowing time: 20 days of age is appropriate, no more than 25 days at the latest, sowing on June 25-June 30;
Sowing and germination: using soaking water, passing the foot, and patiently stimulating the bud;
Seeding rate: When planting in the field, the amount of seed per acre is 105kg, and the soil should be kept moist when planting.
3.3 Robbing and throwing
After the flue-cured tobacco is harvested, it should be timely watered, fertilized and cultivated, and thrown and transplanted;
For the delay in picking time, measures should also be taken, and the planting should be completed before July 25.
3.4 Field Management
3.4.1 Formula fertilization
Fertilizer amount: the amount of fertilizer used per acre of field is 40.0 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 17.5 kg of urea and 10.0 kg of potassium chloride;
Fertilization method: Before the transplanting, the compound fertilizer is applied in combination with the mites and the whole fertilizer. After 5 to 7 days after the transplanting, 8.5 kg of urea is applied in combination with chemical weeding. After 20 days of transplanting, the urea is reapplied after 9.0 ton. Potassium chloride 10.0 kg.
3.4.2 Scientific water management
Rehydration begins when the second leaf is exposed, and shallow water raises the ear in shallow water;
After every 7 to 10 days after the heading, water is poured once to dry and wet the seeds;
Water is usually cut off 7 days before harvesting.
3.4.3 Control of pests and diseases
Prevention of rice false smut: 7-10 days before heading, use 75% sputum · tebuconazole 20g / 667m2 to spray 30kg of water, and prevent it at intervals of 10-15 days. Use 1% Shenzinmycin 70-80mL to spray water. Shi.
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