1. Technical Introduction
High-quality special wheat refers to wheat with good nutritional quality, high processing rate, good food baking quality, and good cooking quality. Before the 1980s, in order to solve the problem of food and clothing, wheat in our country focused on production, the development of high-quality special wheat was slow, and the production of special wheat for bread, biscuits, and cakes was insufficient, and it had long depended on imports. After the 1980s, China attached great importance to the development of high-quality special wheat production. Research institutes have selected and produced a number of high-quality special wheat varieties. There are many favorable conditions for the development of high-quality wheat production, and special wheat varieties need to be matched with high-quality, high-yield cultivation techniques. This technology is suitable for popularization in Huanghuai, North China and the Yangtze River basin.
2. Technical operation regulations
(1) Select high-quality special varieties According to different uses, choose different high-quality special varieties. Processing breads and pastries can use strong gluten wheat varieties, such as Jinan 17, PH82-2-2, etc.; produce noodles, dumplings, steamed buns, use medium-gluten varieties, such as Yannong No. 15 and Lumai No. 16; produce biscuits, cakes, etc. Weak gluten wheat varieties are used, such as Linnong 157 and Demai 4.
(2) The selection of high-quality special-purpose wheat field for site preparation should use fertile soil, organic matter content of about 1.2%, total nitrogen 0.09%, hydrolyzable nitrogen 60 mg/kg, available phosphorus 20 mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium 80 mg/kg. After applying the basic fertilizer in the wheat field, the machine is ploughed, and the plough layer is about 25 centimeters long.
(3) Seed treatment is pest control and disease prevention to ensure seedlings and seedlings. Seeds are treated with 20% methylisoprenicum phosphate (100 g), water (2.5 kg), seed dressing (50 kg), heaping stuffy for 3 hours, and air-dried. Or use seed coating agent to cover the seeds and bring the fertilizer to the field.
(4) Precision sowing The sowing amount is calculated based on the tiller power, germination rate, and 1000-grain weight of the variety. It is advisable to plant 60,000 to 120,000 basic seedlings per mu when the tillering rate is high. It is advisable to produce large ear varieties with a low rate of tilling, with 130,000 to 150,000 basic plants per acre. The seeding rate can usually be calculated as about 11,000 basic seedlings per kilogram of seed. The sowing method adopts wide-row drilling and wide-beam drilling.
(5) Covering the low-temperature and drought-prone land during the planting period, covering with plastic film or straw, increasing the temperature and protecting the soil, increasing the soil fertility, improving the surface structure of the soil, promoting the growth of wheat, and increasing the yield.
(6) Strengthen the management of the pre-winter stage, wheat seedlings sparse and thinning to ensure that the whole seedlings. During the winter solstice, it is poured into the winter water during the small snowfall, and when the locusts are suitable, it can be plucked to promote root development. From the jointing stage, the booting stage watered topdressing. Watering in time during grain filling. Pay attention to the prevention of wheat white disease, rust and aphid in time.
(7) Scientific fertilization and fertilization have a direct impact on the yield and quality of wheat. A sufficient amount of nitrogen can increase yield and grain protein and gluten content. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage increased the yield, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the middle and later stages was beneficial to increase the protein content of the grain. Nitrogen fertilizers should use ammonia nitrogen. Phosphate fertilizers have a direct impact on increasing wheat yield and protein content. Maintaining a soil available phosphorus content of 22-30 mg/kg is necessary to ensure high yield and quality of wheat. Potassium fertilizers can increase the use of potassium fertilizers. The rate of transfer of amino acids to the kernels and the speed of amino acids in the kernels are converted back into protein, thereby increasing the protein content, increasing the sedimentation value, and improving the baking quality. The application of potash fertilizer at flowering stage has a significant effect on improving grain protein content; Sulfur is closely related to the quality of wheat, sulfur-deficient grains are hard, the rate of powder extraction is low, the tensile strength of the dough is poor, and the spreading force is weak. Poor baking quality. When the sulfur content in the soil is lower than 12 to 16 mg/kg, the crop suffers from sulphur deficiency.
Generally, 500 kg of high-quality wheat per mu is produced. Before the site preparation, 5 000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to Mushi, 9 kg of pure nitrogen, 11.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 7.5 kg of potassium oxide, 1 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5 kg of borax in boron-depleted land. . The top-dressing fertilizer was mainly used for raising or jointing stage fertilizer, and 9 kg of pure nitrogen was used for Mushi. In the period of flag leafing at the booting stage and early filling stage, photosynthetic micronutrients and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed to enhance photosynthesis and increase grain weight. High-quality wheat production should be well-organized regionally, with large-scale cultivation, industrial production, and easy acquisition and processing.
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