1. Management points of the young tree of summer black grapes
1. Topdressing and promoting growth: Fertilization follows the principle of thin fertilization and diligent application. Generally, topdressing begins after 8 leaves are spread, once every 10-15 days. Prior to August, topdressing of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and it is used from April to May 0.3% urea or 0.5% carbamate; the roots of seedlings are applied after breaking the film. From June to July, topdressing of 0.3%-0.5% compound fertilizer; after August, the main application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; topdressing until the end of September.
2. Tie and plastic surgery: After planting seedlings, set up cement column in time and tighten the wire. The planting seedlings are inserted with a bamboo pole, and when the new shoots grow to 50--60 cm, the vine is introduced to the pole, and the work of binding the vine, removing the tendril, and topping is done in time. The “Vâ€-shaped horizontal frame and the high-width vertical T-shaped frame are topped off at the first wire, leaving two top ends on the top, leading to the left and right sides to grow, forming two arm vines; when the horizontal scaffold is approaching the shelf surface Topping out.
3. Spraying against pests and diseases: The first year is mainly to prevent and cure acne and downy mildew. After spreading 3 leaves, spray fungicides every 8-10 days to prevent disease. You can alternately use Cobo, Poke, Kero, etc. In the middle and later period, add Baolifeng No. 1 or No. 2 at the same time. Add insecticide when spraying.
4. Winter shears: Winter shears are cut at the joints of the two arms. 2-3 buds are left on the accessory shoots of the arm vine with a diameter of ≥0.5 cm, and less than 0.5 cm are cut off. For seedlings that have not grown to the first wire, cut 2-3 buds at the base and reshape them in the second year. Leave 3-4 branches on the surface of the scaffold.
Second, the management points of the summer black grape mature tree
1. Fertilizer and water management: The rainy season in March and June is the rainy season in the southern rainy area. The focus is on trenching and drainage work, and deep trenches to build high borders. Pay attention to timely irrigation during the drought season in July-August to prevent early defoliation. Weed control is carried out in a timely manner during the growing season. Weeding is mainly artificial and chemical control is supplemented. After the leaves are defoliated, the whole garden is turned over with autumn fertilizer. Adult trees use fertilizer 5 times a year. â‘ Sprout fertilizer. From the end of February to the beginning of March, 5--10 kg of urea and 25 kg of superphosphate were applied per mu. This fertilization is mainly to promote the growth of new shoots, the development of new roots and good flowering. The vigorous orchards may not be applied; â‘¡ Expanding fruit fertilizer. After flowering to the expansion stage of young fruit, apply 200 kg of rot cake fertilizer per acre, 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and apply them twice at an interval of 1 week; â‘¢ colored fertilizer. In the early stage of fruit color change, 20 kg of potassium sulfate was applied per mu to promote fruit coloration and sugar accumulation; After the fruit is harvested, in order to restore the tree vigor, top-up 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea should be timely applied per mu. In the first and mid-October, the base fertilizer was applied deeply. 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer such as pig manure and 50 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer were applied per mu. During the growth period, it can be combined with spraying pesticides to apply 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and special foliar fertilizer multiple times.
2. Branch management: â‘ wipe shoots to fix shoots. After budding, wipe off double buds, multiple buds, or weak buds; after forming new shoots, use V-shaped horizontal frame, high and wide vertical frame, the pitch of the shoots is set at a pitch of 15-20 cm, and the same position of 8 leaves about 10 days before flowering Cut the tip to make the winter buds in the base and middle part full and increase the inflorescence. From flowering to fruiting, the second light topping. Strong control after 15 leaves. After the fruit is bagged, especially during the coloring period, the growth of new shoots must be strictly controlled, which is the key to Xiahei management. Otherwise it will cause slow coloring and delay maturity. The growth of new shoots can be inhibited by topping or foliar spraying tonic, but the most important thing is to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After planting for several years, it can be thinned, expand the canopy, maintain growth balance; â‘¡ ring stripping. When immersing the first swelling agent, ring stripping is carried out on the main branches. The width of the ring stripping is generally 2 to 3 mm, and the depth is as deep as the xylem, which can increase the fruit size. When the berries begin to color, they will be peeled in a ring and ripen early; â‘¢ Winter shears. It should be carried out after deciduous leaves and before the spring bleed period. It is appropriate to pruning from late December to January. It is advisable to use a hybrid pruning method in the south, with 7000-8000 buds per acre, 6-7 shoots in the middle shoots, combined with 3 shoots and short shoots. Young trees and prosperous trees should be lightly cut with long lengths, each branch with 5-8 full buds and short cuts; with adult trees and middle branches properly recut, with 4-5 buds with strong full buds, with weak branches Remove or leave 1-2 shoots to recut and renew.
3. Flower and fruit ear management: â‘ Set ears according to production. If you want to obtain high-quality fruit, you must implement production-control cultivation, high-quality and stable production cultivation per mu per mu fixed 1000 kg, not more than 1250 kg. If it exceeds 1500 kg, the coloring is difficult, the maturity period is delayed, the quality is reduced, and the amount of flowers in the next year will also be greatly reduced. The ears are set according to the fixed production index during production. The ear weight is 500g and the ears are 2000-2500 ears. Ears can be set before flowering or after fruiting; â‘¡ sparse flowers and fruits. One week before flowering, the ears should be sparse, the auxiliary ears and several supporting shafts under the auxiliary ears should be sparsed. If the ears are too long, pinch the ear tip 1/5-1/4 to keep the cylindrical ears. Note that for ears with a high fruit setting rate, some small stalks can be sparse, and each ear retains about 70-80 seeds. Xiahei grapes have good fruit retention after fruit preservation. The fruit should be properly thinned and conscientiously thinned, and the ear should be set before the second thinning; â‘¢ apply a growth regulator. The first time can be treated with gibberellin 25 mg/L (or double the amount of swelling agent plus water) before a physiological fruit drop at the end of the flowering period (6th to 10th day of the initial flowering), which can play a good fruit preservation effect. The second treatment is when the size of the soybean kernels (about 22 days after the beginning of flowering), soak or spray the ears with a swelling agent to enlarge the fruits; â‘£ fruit bagging. Grape bagging can reduce disease, insect, bird damage and pesticide pollution. The berries produced are beautiful and have a lot of fruit powder.
Doing a good job in the management of young and mature trees is a very important part of the summer black grape planting process, which directly affects the yield benefits of summer black grape planting.
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