The cultivation of straw mushroom originated in South China, and later spread by overseas Chinese to Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. So far, there have been more than 200 years of cultivation history. It is not only tender, fleshy and delicious, but also has a high nutritional value. It is rich in protein, essential amino acids, and vitamin C. Regular eating of straw mushroom can enhance the body's immunity against the disease. There is also certain anti-cancer treatment, lowering plasma cholesterol, and antihypertensive effect; it is also a good food for diabetes, and it is a kind of food that is both delicious and has health care effects. It is extremely popular in domestic and foreign markets and has significant economic benefits. The input-output ratio can reach 1:2-3, which is a promising industry. Bag-shaped straw mushroom is a new technology that has evolved from the technique of bag-growing oyster mushrooms and is the first of its kind in our county. Bags of straw mushroom production stability, method is simple, fast mushroom production, generally about 10d after sowing can be harvested. Short production cycle, rich raw materials, such as wheat, corn, sorghum, peanuts, soybeans, cottonseed hull, broken cotton, waste cotton, slag residue, paper mill waste, Chinese medicine slag, etc. can be planted straw mushroom. 1 living conditions of straw mushroom 1.1 Nutrition straw mushroom can use a variety of carbon sources, of which the best monosaccharide, followed by disaccharide, polysaccharide again. Monosaccharides and disaccharides can promote the rapid production of hyphae, polysaccharides can promote its mushroom mycelium robust growth and enhance resistance. Straw mushroom can use organic ammonia and ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, in practical cultivation, it is necessary to use high-quality, foot-dry, golden straw. 1.2 Temperature Straw mushroom belongs to the type of high-temperature fungi. The temperature range for mycelium growth is 20-40°C, the optimum temperature is 32-35°C, the growth is very weak below 20°C, growth stops at 10°C, and it is dormant. 5 Below the °C or above 45 °C mycelium died quickly. The temperature range of the fruiting body is 25°C-35°C, the optimum temperature is 28-33°C, and it is lower than 20°C or higher than 35°C. The growth and development of the fruit body have an effect. Straw mushroom is a thermostatic, solid-type fungus that is sensitive to changes in outside temperature during the developmental period of the fruit body. The hot and cold climate is extremely detrimental to the growth of its fruiting bodies. If the temperature difference is more than 5°C, the buds will stop developing or die. Therefore, when the cultivation requires the temperature to stabilize at 20 °C or more to produce. Otherwise, it has an impact on the output, adopting insulation measures, although it can produce mushrooms, but the conditions are high, the cost is high, and the technology is extremely strong. It is generally not desirable in practical cultivation. 1.3 Insufficient water and moisture cause drought. Excessive moisture causes poor ventilation and inhibits respiration. The metabolic process cannot be carried out, resulting in a large number of deaths of mycelium and buds. It has been proved that the humidity of the culture material is suitable for the growth of the mycelium of straw mushroom from 60% to 65%, and the maximum must not exceed 70%. The development of fruiting bodies requires a relative humidity of 85%-90%. More than 96% of the mushrooms are perishable and susceptible to bacterial infection. Below 80%, the growth of straw mushroom is slow, rough surface, lack of luster. 1.4 Sufficient oxygen in the air is an important condition for the normal growth and development of the straw mushroom. Oxygen deficiency, carbon dioxide accumulation is too much, often because of respiratory depression caused by growth to stop or die. Therefore, the location where air convection should be used should be selected during cultivation. However, the ventilation is too great and the water is easily lost. It is also unfavorable to the growth of straw mushrooms. Avoid cultivation in the wind head and avoid wind-borne winds. 1.5 pH (pH) Among the artificially cultivated edible fungi, straw mushroom is the most favorite alkaline. The optimum pH value for spore germination is 7.4-7.5; the mycelium pH can grow within the range of 5-8. The pH was 7.2-7.5, and the optimum pH for the fruiting body was 5-7. During the development of the mycelium of the straw mushroom, the medium can gradually become acid. Therefore, when the straw is immersed in grass, the pH value should be 12 or more. 1.6 The germination of Sporisorium spores, the growth of mycelium can be completely without sunlight, but the formation of the mushroom fruit body needs sunlight. Under complete dark conditions, fruiting bodies are not formed. Diffuse sunlight promotes the formation of fruit bodies, slightly suppresses the growth of straw mushrooms, makes them robust, enhances resistance to disease, promotes the conversion and deposition of pigments, and strongly direct light. Severe inhibition of the fruiting body. Therefore, open-air cultivation must be covered with grass. 2 Procedures for Pouched Mushrooms 2.1 Immersion rice straw is selected from dry and mildew-free straw and placed in a 5% lime tank for 10-12 hours. When soaking the grass, the straw should be compacted and the lime water in the pool can be completely submerged. Straw is degree. 2.2 The rice straw will have been soaked and dried, and the straw with the remaining water dripped will be cut into pieces of grass about 20cm long with a cutter or a guillotine. It is too long and bad to bag, too much work, and it is not conducive to Mycelia kinks. 2.3 medium formulation straw 50kg, rice bran 7.5-10kg, peanut dry 1-1.5kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, gypsum powder 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15-0.25kg; straw 35kg, rice bran (wheat) 5kg, corn flour 1.5kg, Cottonseed husk 15kg, gypsum powder 1.5kg, compound fertilizer 1kg; straw 50kg, grain 5kg, peanut dry 1.5kg, gypsum powder 1kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg. All raw materials in the formula should be dry, free of mildew, and no impurities. Peanut must be crushed before use. 2.4 Mixing First, mix the other ingredients in the recipe together, and then spread the mixed ingredients evenly on the straw. After several times of mixing, the bags can be bagged. 2.5 bagging bags are generally used low pressure polyethylene straw bag film, size selection 50cm24cm 0.0035cm (or 0.004cm) bag. In order to reduce the production cost, a 56cm30cm0.005cm bag can also be used. Solid loading required. So as not to break the bag into degrees. Both ends are fastened with a plastic strap with a slip knot after installation. 2.6 Sterilize and disinfect the filled cartridges, disinfect and sterilize in time, and keep the sterilization time at 100°C for 8-12 hours. And ask for the same day's tube, the day to kill bacteria, beware of acid deterioration. 2.7 inoculated bag after sterilization, cooling to 40 ° C or less can be inoculated, inoculated bag will be unlocked, open inoculation, the bacteria evenly spread on the bag two, each bottle of bacteria is generally 10-12 Bags are appropriate. 2.8 Fertilizer management Connect the mushroom tube of the species and piling them up. The stack temperature should be tested frequently. The temperature should not exceed 40°C. Be careful not to cause burnout. In normal circumstances about 10d can be a good bacteria. 2.9 Mushroom management The mushroom package that will produce good bacteria will be taken out of the bag. The method is to empty the bag and put it into a 4-5-layer high wall of bacteria. Cover with a thin film and it should be ventilated several times a day to match the air. The humidity is maintained at about 90%, and the temperature difference is reduced to less than 5°C as much as possible. 2.10 Harvesting and harvesting in time is an important measure to increase the yield of straw mushroom. The straw mushroom cap is ovoid, and the harvest is best before the coating is broken. When harvesting, one-handedly hold the culture material of the growth part of the mushroom body, grasp the base of the mushroom body in one hand, and gently twist and twist it under large and small clusters, and do not injure immature young buds. The harvested straw mushroom uses a knife to remove the base rot and debris, and then grading or processing.
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