Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will induce zinc deficiency in the soil.
The more fertilizer is applied, the better the harvest will be? In fact, excessive use of chemical fertilizers can cause a lot of harm. So, what harm will be caused by the effect of the macro-element nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and excessive dosage?
nitrogen
1. The role of nitrogen
The plant lacks nitrogen and the color is light green, the old leaves at the base are yellow, and brown appears after drying. There are few small fruits and hard skins, which means that the fruit tree lacks nitrogen. It can form both chlorophyll and nucleotides.
Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in increasing crop yields and improving the quality of agricultural products. It is a component of amino acids in plants, a component of protein, and a chlorophyll component that plays a decisive role in photosynthesis of plants. Nitrogen can also help crops to reproduce. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can not only increase the yield of agricultural products, but also improve the quality of agricultural products.
2. Harm of excessive nitrogen: hinder crop growth and produce toxic nitrite
Excessive supply of nitrogen fertilizer will make crops greedy for late maturity and prolong the growth period, which is mainly manifested in thin cell walls, soft plants, and susceptible to mechanical damage (lodging) and diseases (such as barley brown rust, wheat head blight, rice brown spot) ).
phosphorus
1. The role of phosphorus
Phosphorus deficiency in crops is troublesome, dark green plants are not ugly, red and purple also appear. After drying, the color is dark green, and the stem nodes are also thin and short. The color of the basal leaves turns yellow, the flowering time is a few days later, and the seed setting becomes smaller and less full.
Phosphorus can not only increase the yield of crops, but also improve the quality of crops. It can accelerate the growth of cereal crops, promote large and full grains, promote the flowering and fruiting of vegetables, fruits, cotton and other fruit trees, and increase the fruiting rate; increasing the sugar content of fruits can also increase the oil content of rapeseed.
Phosphorus is an important component of plant cell nuclei. It plays an important role in cell division and the differentiation and development of plant organs and tissues, especially flowering and fruiting. It is an indispensable element for physiological metabolism in plants. Phosphorus in plants is mainly concentrated in the seeds of plants, and more phosphorus is stored in the seeds, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of seedlings in the early stage. Phosphorus also has a good effect on improving plant resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance. Phosphorus also has the effect of promoting the development of roots, especially the development of lateral roots and fine roots.
2. The harm of excessive phosphorus: causing soil sulfur deficiency and crop chlorosis
The application of general calcium phosphate can not only provide phosphorus nutrition for crops, but also make crops obtain sulfur nutrition, but because of its low phosphorus content and many other ingredients, heavy superphosphate, a phosphate fertilizer variety, is commonly used in the production. The double superphosphate does not contain impurities such as calcium sulfate, which greatly increases the phosphorus content and becomes a high-concentration phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, perennial use of heavy superphosphate will naturally cause sulfur deficiency.
Potassium
1. The role of potassium
The crops lack potassium to make up, the edges of the leaves turn yellow first, and the edges of the leaves are severely burned. Dicotyledon leaves chlorosis between veins, nutrient transportation cannot keep up, and organic compounds are not involved. The ionic state in the cell fluid, the activator of multiple enzymes, has a strong effect on the metabolic process.
The application of potassium fertilizer can promote the photosynthesis of crops, promote crop results and improve the cold resistance and disease resistance of crops, thereby increasing crop yields. Potassium exists in the form of free potassium ions in plants, which can promote the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogen; control and regulate the activity of mineral nutrient elements; activate the activity of enzymes; control nutrients And water transportation; maintain the internal pressure of cells, thereby preventing plants from withering.
2. The harm of excess potassium: affecting crop growth and destroying soil structure
Potassium fertilizer is a fertilizer that provides potassium nutrients for plant growth. Appropriate application of potassium fertilizer can make grains plump, increase tubers such as potatoes and potatoes, increase sugar content in fruits, and increase tillers of grassy crops such as rice and wheat. Make the plant roots strong, not easy to lodging, and enhance drought resistance, cold resistance, and disease resistance. Although potash fertilizer has many benefits, the more it is used, the better. Excessive application will bring adverse effects to crops.
As a result, the absorption of magnesium and calcium by crops is reduced, and various diseases such as leafy vegetables "heart rot" and apple "bitter pox" occur.
It has a hindering effect on the growth of crops, causing crops to easily appear lodging and other symptoms.
In some plots, harmful metals and harmful bacteria exceed the standard, destroy the nutrient structure and balance in the soil, and cause the deterioration of soil properties and water pollution.
It will reduce the production of crops, severely weaken the production capacity of crops, and reduce output.
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