Leek is the first of the “eight wild herbs†and is a cruciferous family, a 1 year old or 2 year old herbaceous plant. Its birthplace is China. There are distributions from south to north across the country, and Tanabe, roadsides, hillsides, weeds and arable land can be seen everywhere. The people of our country have collected wild leeks as vegetables for food, which has a history of nearly 3,000 years. There are two types of wild leeks, one is slat type and the other is loose leaf type. Under natural distribution, the two types are mixed together and the community ratio is approximately 3:1. In spring, the wild leeks in the Jianghuai region gradually bloom from March to April. After the seeds mature in May, they naturally burst or fall into the surrounding soil with the wind, enter a dormant state, and stay dormant for more than 130-140 days. It is not until the autumn cool season that germinates in the soil and grows new seedlings. The seedlings can grow to 5-6 leaves before the winter comes. When the winter temperature is below zero, the seedlings will go into hibernation and almost stop growing. Few people collected before the winter, because the seedlings are too small. After the first month of the Jubilee, the climate became warmer and the seedlings began to grow faster. People collect wild leeks, mainly in the spring. However, the optimal collection period is very short, which means that once a month, the wild leeks enter the convulsions and blooms, and the quality is degraded and difficult to collect. Therefore, wild leeks are far from meeting the supply and people's needs in the normal market. At the beginning of the 21st century, vegetable farmers in the suburbs of Shanghai began to cultivate domestic wild chives. In recent years, artificial cultivation and directed cultivation of wild chives has been carried out in Beijing, Tianjin, Kunming and Guiyang. Its plant shape, plant weight, and bolting rate are positive. In the direction of cultivation. 1. Nutritional value. Leeks are eaten with their tender stems and leaves as vegetables, and they have rich and balanced nutritional ingredients. According to the determination, every 100g edible portion contains protein 5.2g, fat 0.4g, carbohydrate 6g, carotene 3.2g, vitamin B10.14mg, vitamin B20.19mg, phosphorus 73mg, iron 6.3mg and potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese Elements such as zinc and copper, and more than 10 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body. Leek with vitamin C55mg/100g, is more than twice as much cabbage, 1.3 times higher than tomatoes, vitamin C can block the formation of nitrosamines in the intestine, reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. The calcium content is 1134mg/100g, which is the highest among vegetables, and the protein content is higher than that of kidney bean, Chinese cabbage and tomato. Carotene content is higher than that of carrots. It also contains oxalic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, and flavonoids, choline, acetylcholine, and other alkaloids, which help to enhance the body's immune function. Leek is a high-fiber vegetable, and the dietary fiber content of leeks is as high as 1.7mg/100g, which can help to facilitate defecation because of its large water capacity. The leek acid contained in it has the function of hemostasis, and it also contains dithiophenone which has anticancer effect. Leek is delicious and people love it. Leeks can be fried, soup, salad, porridge, dumplings, scallions and spring rolls are very good. 2. Growth conditions. Viola is a cold-tolerant plant, requiring a cool and sunny climate. The suitable temperature range for seed germination is 15-20°C, and the plant growth temperature of 12-20°C is the most suitable temperature. Below 10°C, the leaf growth is slow. Above 22°C, the leaf growth is poor. At minus 5°C, the plants are not freeze-dried and can tolerate short-term sub-zero temperatures of 7.5°C. Seedlings can pass through the vernalization stage at 2-5°C, and then they can twitch and flower at 12-hour light and 5- 12°C. Autumn seedlings usually do not twitch and bloom, and there are very few mutants that also twitch and bloom. However, due to the low winter temperatures, flowering does not result. 3. Cultivation techniques (1) Variety selection. At present, the species used is directional selection from wild leeks, only two species. Plate leaf leeks: also known as big leaf leeks, about 18 leaves, leaves larger, hypertrophy, length 10-13cm, width 2.5-3cm, light green leaves, leaf edge missing shallow. The plant grows in the ground and develops 18-20cm, also known as early leeks, with early flowering and short growth cycle (40 days after sowing). Good product quality, good quality, and high yield. Lobelia odorata: also known as small leaf leek, mosaic leek, about 20 leaves, leaves narrow, thin, long 10cm, width 2cm, leaves green, dark purple leaves in case of special low temperature, feathers full crack, convulsions Flowers 10 to 15 days later than Amaranthus. (2) Prepare plots. Planted soils were selected for fertility, looseness, drainage and irrigation, and neutral or slightly acidic soils. In fact, the soil requirements are not strict, but the fertile, loose soil can make the leek grow vigorously, the leaves are plump, and the quality is good. Every 667 square meters Shi 1000-1500kg full maturity of farmyard manure as base fertilizer, fine leveling, making a width of 2cm 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 。. (3) sowing. Sowing period: open spring sowing in late February to early April, autumn sowing from late August to early October, protected land spring sowing from mid-February to late May, autumn sowing from mid-August to late November, in order to regulate the market to broadcast Period opened. Sowing method is used for sowing. Because the seeds are small, they must be sowed with fine soil. They should be sown as evenly as possible. After sowing, the seeds should be firmly planted on the ground so that the seeds can bind closely to the soil and the soil moisture can be maintained so that the seed can absorb water as soon as possible. . Seeds must use the Chen seeds of the previous year, because the new seeds of the year have not yet escaped from the dormancy period. If possible, the surface of the seedlings after sowing should be covered with straw, wheat straw, and sunshade nets to moisturize to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. In case of drought, it can be properly watered. (3) Post-emergence management. 5-10 days after sowing can be Qimiao, after emergence, to be poured once permeate, in order to Lizagen hair seedlings, seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, chase light perishable manure water per 667 square meters 1500kg, after each collection 1 time, chase 1 water and fertilizer. (4) Disease prevention and pest control. The main pests and diseases of leeks are downy mildew, mosaic virus disease and aphids. Use 75% chlorothalonil 600 times to control downy mildew; use 20% of virus A600-700 times to prevent viral disease; use 10% of fleas to control 300 times of aphids. (5) Harvesting. When the seedling grows to 10-13 leaves, it is timely collected. Every 667 square meters can collect 500kg and the total output can reach 2500-3000kg. When harvesting, it is necessary to adopt a big stay and a small stay, collect and keep sparse, and keep a strong weak harvest. The harvesting tool is used to pick and dig with a small knife. (6) Cultivation of greenhouses. Wild leek in winter is hardly long. If plastic sheds or solar energy greenhouses are used to grow leeks, they can be put on the market during New Year's Day and Spring Festival. Not only the leaves are hypertrophic and the yield is high, but also the selling price is relatively high and the economic benefits are considerable. Variety selection board leaves leeks or loose leaf leeks can be. 4. Stay cultivated. The cultivation of leeks needs to be established separately. Remaining farmland should choose land plots with high topography, good drainage, and moderate fertility. Leave the fields to be sown from late September to early October. Use 1 kg of seed and spread evenly. In mid-February, 1 strain was selected to remove fine and weak strains and miscellaneous strains that did not meet the characteristics of the variety, maintain 12cm square row spacing and top dressing 1st time, twitching in late March, flowering in late April, and harvesting in early May. seed. Harvesting at the right time is the key. The seedlings are harvested from green to yellow 78 when they are ripe for harvesting. They are harvested before 10 o'clock in the sunny morning, sunned for a few hours in the field, and then laid on the field with thin film or straw mats to produce seeds. Yang net dry, avoid exposure. Every 667 square meters of land can be harvested seeds 50kg, seeds orange red, bright color. (Approved by Huai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province)
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