With the improvement of people's living standards and quality of life, higher demands are placed on the consumption of aquatic products. Wild, safe or pollution-free aquatic products are particularly favored by people. Due to the rapid development of the factory's warming culture, the prices of greenhouses have fallen to a low point, and now there are few people paying 20 to 30 yuan per kilogram. According to the requirements of pollution-free breeding, the wild-cockroach (wild-cockroach) reared in the wild has better color, plumpness, edible taste, etc. than the industrialized greenhouse aquaculture. In recent years, it has gradually been accepted by the market. Kg can be as high as 150 yuan to 200 yuan, and supply in short supply. This article describes the requirements of non-pollution imitation wild turtle breeding, technical and quality standards and other regulations for the farmers in production reference.
I. Pollution-free breeding requirements
1. The site can be artificially excavated by ponds, river ditch or natural water surface, and the area is not limited. The field is required to be leeward and sunny, and the environment is quiet. There are no industrial “three wastes†and sources of pollution such as life and medical waste. The toxic and hazardous substances in the sediment of the pond should meet the relevant national standards.
2. The water quality should ensure adequate water supply, fresh water quality, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The water quality must conform to the relevant regulations of the country and must not have any different color, smell or odor.
3. Feeds use various feedstuffs such as wild small-sized fish, shrimps, snails, and oysters collected in natural ecosystems or collected from Chinese sturgeons. If the use of compound feed is required, the limits of its safety indicators must conform to the relevant national regulations, and no drugs prohibited by any country may be added.
4. The drug adheres to the principle of "comprehensive prevention and active treatment" and emphasizes the principle of "prevention from treatment and prevention from combination". Take measures to limit the density of breeding, promote scientific polyculture, promote healthy breeding and comprehensive ecological control, and rationally use biological preparations or Chinese herbal medicine to control the occurrence of diseases.
Second, the production operation
1. The built-in escape wall pool is made of materials such as asbestos tiles, cement boards or aluminum plates that are 70 centimeters high. It is buried 20 centimeters under the soil as an escape prevention wall.
2. Take the sun back to the pool in the pool sunny, quiet pool Chiji, for the sun back, but also can be made of bamboo or wooden planks area of ​​0.5 square meters to 1 square meters of floating rafts, fixed in the pool water, For the sun back or feeding.
3. To build an egg room on the side of the pond in the direction of Dianchi Xiangyang, and build a 1 meter and 1 meter spawning house for every 100 females. The room is 2 meters high, with 30 centimeters of fine sand, and the sand surface is level with the ground. A slope with a slope of about 45 degrees is laid by the Dianchi Lake to the delivery room so that females can climb along the slope.
4. Clear pond (1) Dry pool clear pond drain pool water, remove surface silt; sun 3 days to 5 days, dig pits in the pool corner, use 100 grams of lime slurry per square meter, Quanchiposa, and then Once the pool bottom. Water injection 1.5 meters to 2 meters every other day.
(2) Rivers or ponds with water When the depth of the clear pond is 1 meter, 200 grams of calcined pulp is used per square meter. Disinfection 5 days after the disappearance of the drug, you can let go.
5. After sterilizing and clearing the ponds, water plants such as water hyacinths, water lettuces and reeds occupying 2/3 of the pond area are planted in the pool. Before entering the Ching Ming area, you can invest in fresh snails, which can become the main source of feed for clams. Waterweeds and snails should be disinfected with 5 mg to 10 mg of bleach per litre or 100 mg of potassium permanganate per litre.
6. The selected species must be wild or artificially selected non-inbred Chinese turtles. Requirements of its complete shape, no disability, no distortion, normal body color, skirt and hypertrophy, lively, agile, more than 6 years of age, weighing 1.2 kg to 1.6 kg, physically strong. If you are planning to go public in the same year, you should purchase about 200 grams of individuals; if you are ready to breed for two years and then go public, you can purchase 50 grams of individuals. 7. The stocking should be conducted in the morning on a sunny day. The disparity in the specifications for stocking in the same pool should not be too great. The number of stocking depends on the farming mode. If self-cultivation and self-cultivation are implemented, about 20 breeding stocks will be stocked per mu, and the male-female ratio will be 4:1 to 5:1. It is also possible to breed other fish seedlings:
(1) About 500 species of main species can be stocked with about 200 grams per mu.
(2) The stocking size of each adult of aquaculture is 5 to 30 for each 150 g of larvae.
(3) The stocking rate of polyculture in the crab pool is 5 to 15 for each 100 g to 150 g.
8. Disinfection commonly used disinfectant drugs are: with a concentration of 15 mg to 20 mg per liter of potassium permanganate dip for 15 minutes to 20 minutes; with salinity of 30 saline for 10 minutes; with effective iodine 1%, The concentration was 30 mg per liter of povidone iodine for 15 minutes. When you use it, you can choose one of the three. Put a liquid in the cask or cabin, gently put the calyx into the disinfectant, and wait until you climb out.
9. Feeding polyculture generally does not specifically feed the feed, allowing it to find the natural food in the waters; in the main mode, the natural feed is insufficient or in the initial stage of stocking, artificial feed needs to be fed. The quality of the compound feed used should comply with the relevant national regulations. Fresh and live feeds should be fresh to ensure that they are free from pollution and spoilage. In fresh and live feeds, animal feed can be used for fish, shrimp, snail, cockroach, cockroach, cockroach, or the internal organs of livestock and poultry; vegetable feed can be used for fresh pumpkin, carrot, melon peel, or green vegetables. Fresh and live feeds are washed with water first, then soaked with 20 mg per liter of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to 20 minutes, or soaked in saline at 50 degrees for 5 minutes to 10 minutes, then rinsed with fresh water and fed. The daily feed amount of compound feed was 1% to 2% of carcass weight, and the daily feed amount of fresh and live feed was 5% to 10% of carcass weight. When the water temperature is 18°C～20°C, it is fed once every two days; when the water temperature is 20°C～25°C, it is fed once a day; when the water temperature is above 25°C, it is respectively at 9 o'clock and in the afternoon. At 4 o'clock each feeding. Feed should be fed on the surface of the surface of the table.
10. During the day-to-day management of aquaculture, stick to the daily tour. Pay attention to observing the activities of the cockroaches, whether the escape prevention equipment is in good condition, and whether there is any change in the water quality. If any problems are found, they should be dealt with promptly. Weeds, baits and dirt should be diligently cleaned up and the feed should be swept away to destroy the enemy. Pay attention to the color of the water, keep it green or brown, and add water and water regularly. Appropriate use of quicklime, EM bacteria and other biological agents, so that the pH of the pool to maintain the 7 ~ 7.5, the transparency of about 30 cm. Regularly disinfect the whole cell with a concentration of 1 mg to 2 mg per liter of bleaching powder, and feed it with allicin and other drugs to ensure that the larvae do not develop disease and grow healthily. At the same time pay attention to all production records. Third, quality standards
I. Pollution-free breeding requirements
1. The site can be artificially excavated by ponds, river ditch or natural water surface, and the area is not limited. The field is required to be leeward and sunny, and the environment is quiet. There are no industrial “three wastes†and sources of pollution such as life and medical waste. The toxic and hazardous substances in the sediment of the pond should meet the relevant national standards.
2. The water quality should ensure adequate water supply, fresh water quality, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The water quality must conform to the relevant regulations of the country and must not have any different color, smell or odor.
3. Feeds use various feedstuffs such as wild small-sized fish, shrimps, snails, and oysters collected in natural ecosystems or collected from Chinese sturgeons. If the use of compound feed is required, the limits of its safety indicators must conform to the relevant national regulations, and no drugs prohibited by any country may be added.
4. The drug adheres to the principle of "comprehensive prevention and active treatment" and emphasizes the principle of "prevention from treatment and prevention from combination". Take measures to limit the density of breeding, promote scientific polyculture, promote healthy breeding and comprehensive ecological control, and rationally use biological preparations or Chinese herbal medicine to control the occurrence of diseases.
Second, the production operation
1. The built-in escape wall pool is made of materials such as asbestos tiles, cement boards or aluminum plates that are 70 centimeters high. It is buried 20 centimeters under the soil as an escape prevention wall.
2. Take the sun back to the pool in the pool sunny, quiet pool Chiji, for the sun back, but also can be made of bamboo or wooden planks area of ​​0.5 square meters to 1 square meters of floating rafts, fixed in the pool water, For the sun back or feeding.
3. To build an egg room on the side of the pond in the direction of Dianchi Xiangyang, and build a 1 meter and 1 meter spawning house for every 100 females. The room is 2 meters high, with 30 centimeters of fine sand, and the sand surface is level with the ground. A slope with a slope of about 45 degrees is laid by the Dianchi Lake to the delivery room so that females can climb along the slope.
4. Clear pond (1) Dry pool clear pond drain pool water, remove surface silt; sun 3 days to 5 days, dig pits in the pool corner, use 100 grams of lime slurry per square meter, Quanchiposa, and then Once the pool bottom. Water injection 1.5 meters to 2 meters every other day.
(2) Rivers or ponds with water When the depth of the clear pond is 1 meter, 200 grams of calcined pulp is used per square meter. Disinfection 5 days after the disappearance of the drug, you can let go.
5. After sterilizing and clearing the ponds, water plants such as water hyacinths, water lettuces and reeds occupying 2/3 of the pond area are planted in the pool. Before entering the Ching Ming area, you can invest in fresh snails, which can become the main source of feed for clams. Waterweeds and snails should be disinfected with 5 mg to 10 mg of bleach per litre or 100 mg of potassium permanganate per litre.
6. The selected species must be wild or artificially selected non-inbred Chinese turtles. Requirements of its complete shape, no disability, no distortion, normal body color, skirt and hypertrophy, lively, agile, more than 6 years of age, weighing 1.2 kg to 1.6 kg, physically strong. If you are planning to go public in the same year, you should purchase about 200 grams of individuals; if you are ready to breed for two years and then go public, you can purchase 50 grams of individuals. 7. The stocking should be conducted in the morning on a sunny day. The disparity in the specifications for stocking in the same pool should not be too great. The number of stocking depends on the farming mode. If self-cultivation and self-cultivation are implemented, about 20 breeding stocks will be stocked per mu, and the male-female ratio will be 4:1 to 5:1. It is also possible to breed other fish seedlings:
(1) About 500 species of main species can be stocked with about 200 grams per mu.
(2) The stocking size of each adult of aquaculture is 5 to 30 for each 150 g of larvae.
(3) The stocking rate of polyculture in the crab pool is 5 to 15 for each 100 g to 150 g.
8. Disinfection commonly used disinfectant drugs are: with a concentration of 15 mg to 20 mg per liter of potassium permanganate dip for 15 minutes to 20 minutes; with salinity of 30 saline for 10 minutes; with effective iodine 1%, The concentration was 30 mg per liter of povidone iodine for 15 minutes. When you use it, you can choose one of the three. Put a liquid in the cask or cabin, gently put the calyx into the disinfectant, and wait until you climb out.
9. Feeding polyculture generally does not specifically feed the feed, allowing it to find the natural food in the waters; in the main mode, the natural feed is insufficient or in the initial stage of stocking, artificial feed needs to be fed. The quality of the compound feed used should comply with the relevant national regulations. Fresh and live feeds should be fresh to ensure that they are free from pollution and spoilage. In fresh and live feeds, animal feed can be used for fish, shrimp, snail, cockroach, cockroach, cockroach, or the internal organs of livestock and poultry; vegetable feed can be used for fresh pumpkin, carrot, melon peel, or green vegetables. Fresh and live feeds are washed with water first, then soaked with 20 mg per liter of potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to 20 minutes, or soaked in saline at 50 degrees for 5 minutes to 10 minutes, then rinsed with fresh water and fed. The daily feed amount of compound feed was 1% to 2% of carcass weight, and the daily feed amount of fresh and live feed was 5% to 10% of carcass weight. When the water temperature is 18°C～20°C, it is fed once every two days; when the water temperature is 20°C～25°C, it is fed once a day; when the water temperature is above 25°C, it is respectively at 9 o'clock and in the afternoon. At 4 o'clock each feeding. Feed should be fed on the surface of the surface of the table.
10. During the day-to-day management of aquaculture, stick to the daily tour. Pay attention to observing the activities of the cockroaches, whether the escape prevention equipment is in good condition, and whether there is any change in the water quality. If any problems are found, they should be dealt with promptly. Weeds, baits and dirt should be diligently cleaned up and the feed should be swept away to destroy the enemy. Pay attention to the color of the water, keep it green or brown, and add water and water regularly. Appropriate use of quicklime, EM bacteria and other biological agents, so that the pH of the pool to maintain the 7 ~ 7.5, the transparency of about 30 cm. Regularly disinfect the whole cell with a concentration of 1 mg to 2 mg per liter of bleaching powder, and feed it with allicin and other drugs to ensure that the larvae do not develop disease and grow healthily. At the same time pay attention to all production records. Third, quality standards
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