First, the cultivation season
Can be grown all year round
Second, species selection
Choose varieties that are disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, storage-resistant, good-quality, and suitable for the market. Recommended varieties: Sanshui black melon, Nanhai black melon, Guangzhou black melon, Qiongnong black melon.
Third, nursery technology
1. Specifications of nursery facilities
(1) Seedling tray: 510=50 holes or 69=54 holes
(2) Seedbed: height 20 cm, width 120 cm, length not limited.
2. Preparation of nutritious soil: choose the groundless sifting and decomposing farmyard manure, plant ash (grain ash) or coco pupae according to local conditions in a volume ratio of 6:2:2, and add 0.2%- 0.3% of the NPK fertilizer is fully mixed; the best condition is to use coco pounds and decomposed cow dung slag at a volume ratio of 7:3, and add 1 kg of NPK fertilizer per cubic meter. Mix the fat thoroughly. The PH is required to be 6-7, and achieves the effects of loosening, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, and nutrition.
3, seed quality: in line with GB16715.3-1999 grade 2. Specific requirements are: seed purity ≥ 95%, net ≥ 99%, germination rate ≥ 60%.
Seed dosage: 25-50 grams per acre.
4, seed processing
(1) Disinfection: Wash seeds with water first, then soak in 15 minutes with warm water at 55°C, soak in fresh water for 10 hours, remove and soak in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, remove and wash, rinse at least 3 Times.
(2) Germination: After the seeds are washed, the seeds are germinated at a constant temperature of 28°C to 30°C (usable bulbs). Before germination, rinsing the seeds with fresh water once a day and draining the water in time, and then continue to germinate until the seeds are white, the condition available in the incubator germination.
5, sowing
(1) Plug seeding: Put the prepared nutrient soil into the seedling tray, and push the two white seeds into the hole to 1-1.5 cm. Cover with thin soil, lightly compact, and pour enough bottom water.
(2) Live broadcast: Seeds are sown directly on the basal fertiliser and covered with plastic film.
6, seedling management
(1) Environmental regulation
Temperature: Seedling temperature is mainly regulated by agricultural film and shade net. In the hot sun, cover with a shade to cool; in case of low temperature, take a small arch shed to cover the heating of agricultural film; control the daily temperature at 20°C-30°C, and the night temperature at 15°C-20°C.
Illumination: The exposed cultivation bed is in a sunny place, and photosynthesis is performed by natural light. If the sunlight is too violent, shading may be appropriate.
Moisture: Moisture should be maintained during seedling stage, combined with fertilization and pest control. Fertilizer 0.2% -0.3% NPK fertilizer applied 1-2 times a week, sprayed once with 1000 times chlorothalonil or 500 times dexamethasone Zn 7-10 days, to prevent damping-off disease, blight.
(2) Scaling: The hardening of the seedlings is started one week before the planting and the coverings are gradually removed. The two sides of the agricultural film can be opened at the sunny days and then gradually opened to control the moisture.
Fourth, colonization
1. Preparation before planting
Soil preparation and application of basal fertilizer, generally based on high-quality farmyard fertilizers, 1500-2000 kg per mu, 30-50 kg of cake fat, 40-50 kg of superphosphate, mix thoroughly after stacking, and add 15-20 kg of urea to the ditch Apply and mix well with the soil, then deep-dip. Width (bag groove) 450-500 cm, covered with black mulch. Conditional available silver gray film, the effect is better.
2, planting time
Before 10:00 in the morning or after 16:00 in the afternoon, pour enough water.
3, planting methods and density
Double-row planting, planting distance of 80-100 centimeters and 400 centimeters, planting about 350 plants per acre. At the time of transplantation, 80% of earth was first cultivated. Then each watering about 2 kilograms, and then seal the hole with dry soil, with the soil compaction around the film, and to prevent the plant leaves and mulch contact.
V. Daejeon Management Technology
1, fertilizer and water management
The growth and development of wax gourd has a large demand for fertilizer and water, and it needs to be continuously supplied. In particular, more nutrients and moisture are needed during the fruiting period, and fertilizer should be applied in reasonable stages.
(1) Moisture: In order to keep the soil wet, the irrigation should be taken in the early stage of production, and furrow irrigation after inverted vines. It is advisable to use 1/2 to 2/3 furrow depth for each irrigation.
(2) Nutrients: Black-skin melons covered with plastic mulch are generally applied on four times: they are applied 7 days before flowering; fruit weight is about 0.5 kilograms; once applied compound fertilizer is about 30 kilograms per mu; then every 7-10 days is applied. Once, apply twice in succession. The dosage per acre is between 15-20 kg. If the plant lacks fertilizer in the later period, apply it once again.
2. Fertilizer not allowed
Urban waste, sludge, industrial waste residue, and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated should not be used in production.
3, plant repair man shaping
(1) Whole vines: leave 2-3 side vines before the fruit set, and cut all side vines after the fruit set.
(2) Pressing vines: Each time before and after the fruit is pressed, it will be pressed again once the heart is picked up, which may promote the occurrence of adventitious roots.
(3) Stay in melon section: It is most suitable to stay in 22 or so.
(4) Pollination: pollination from 7 to 9 in the morning and two fruits per plant.
(5) Selecting fruit and fixing fruit: The main vine is left with a good fruit, and the rest should be removed to strive for fruit.
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