First, cultivation conditions Cordyceps artificial cultivation is mainly to prepare bacteria and insects two conditions, the biggest difficulty is the source of insects, insects currently rely mainly on wild collection, artificial breeding of this insect is still a certain dilemma, it restricts the artificial cultivation Progress. 1, strains: Cordyceps sinensis cultivation must first have excellent pure strains, the current country has many varieties, one is to choose high purity, no bacteria, no aging strains; the second is to choose strong infection, bacteria species There are varieties with strong vitality that can rapidly infect insects that have died of disease. Third, they must choose varieties that have a wide range of adaptability, especially those that have a certain resistance to environmental humidity changes and other bacterial infections. 2. Insects: Insects mainly use bat moth larvae as the host of Cordyceps sinensis, but also use silkworms and tussah as host, and larvae requirements must be alive. Individuals are large and obese are better, and the number depends on their own cultivation. Each square meter requires 1000 grams of larvae, one female parent, and 50 liters of fine sandy soil. 3, the environment: artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis can be regardless of elevation, the key is determined by the temperature. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of medium and low temperature type fungi. The suitable temperature for the growth and reproduction of mycelium is 5~32°C, the most suitable is 12~18°C, and the sclerotia and sub-seats form 10~25°C, so long as it can meet this temperature range, Can be cultivated. 4. Cultivation season: Using natural air temperature, it can be planted in two seasons in one year, from March to March in spring, and from September to November in autumn. If indoor artificial temperature control can be cultivated throughout the year, it can also shorten the growth period and make full use of it. The natural temperature and support for the cultivation season can reduce production costs.
Second, cultivation methods Cordyceps sinensis cultivation methods are many, one is the use of insects to cultivate the same as the wild Cordyceps sinensis, the other is to use rice, PDA culture medium or other solid medium directly cultivated grass, this grass and Cordyceps function the same. When growing, it can be bottle-housed, box-planted, bed-planted, and open-field cultivation. It can be arbitrarily selected according to its own conditions. Either way, bacteria must be cultivated before cultivation so that insects can be infected before entering the soil. With "viral" bacteriolylus, to the soil has been seriously ill in the body, should not be chaotic climb, is conducive to early death, fast out, even growth. The worm culture method is to spray the prepared liquid strain on the larva body with a sprayer, or spray the bacterium liquid on the mulberry leaf, and infect the pathogenic bacteria after eating. The spray amount is suitable for wetness every time, and sprays twice a day. Three days later, this bacterium liquid was infiltrated with bacteria inside the worm body, causing the larvae to appear sluggish and in a coma. 1. Bottle planting: The bottle planting is suitable for family cultivation. After washing with ordinary cans, a 2.5-3cm fine sandy soil is firstly placed in the bottle, the soil moisture content reaches 60%, and then the larvae of the infected bacterium liquid are placed on it. Put two bottles per bottle is appropriate, require two larvae do not close together, face down, stretch, and then cover fine sand 3cm, slightly flat surface, in order to maintain moisture, and then sealed with plastic film, into the indoor and outdoor Suitable temperature management, avoid direct sunlight. 2, box plant: box planting is also suitable for family cultivation, can use the size of wooden boxes, tubs, plastic pots for cultivation. The bottom of the wooden box and its surrounding area must have plastic film to prevent water loss. The fine sand soil should be spread 5-7cm thick and then put into the worms. Each worm is separated by 2-3cm and the top cover is 3-5cm. The surface is moistened with plastic film, and wooden boxes can be stacked to save space. 3. Bed planting: Bed frame cultivation is a development method for mass production. This method is generally suitable for indoor use. It can make full use of the indoor and outdoor shelves to save space, the bed frame is 1 meter wide, and the length is designed according to its own room. Bamboo and wood production, each side of 12cm high for retaining the soil, when the cultivation of a layer of plastic film, then pour fine sand 5-7cm, into the worms, planted by the box, cover the sand and soil 3-5cm, and then Cover the plastic film and keep the space accordingly. 4, open field planting: open field planting refers to outdoor cultivation, outdoor cultivation key to choose the venue, first of all to avoid direct sunlight and rain erosion, so that it can shade, can drain, drought, thermal insulation, can prevent human and animal trampling surroundings. The cultivation method can be carried out in two ways: plain or squat type; flat type cultivation is to shovel 15cm of topsoil, 1m in width, unlimited length, and then fill in 5cm thick sandy soil on the general flatland, slope, and wasteland, and put it in the above method. Bacteria and insects, covered with 5-7cm of fine sandy soil covered with plastic film, there must be a drainage ditch around, there must be shaded trees or shady shade above. Oyster cultivation: Oyster cultivation can avoid sunlight and high temperature, both drought and moisturizing, suitable for the majority of rural cultivation, Oyster type width 100cm, depth 50cm, length is not limited, the same can be drained, when planted in the malleolus first shop 5cm thick The fine sandy soil was then placed into the worms in the manner described above, and then covered with 5cm of fine sandy soil. The arched bamboo arches were used next. Finally, the plastic film was covered with air at both ends. The grass was then covered and shaded and cooled.
III. Management techniques The management technology of Cordyceps sinensis after cultivation is very simple, mainly in terms of temperature, humidity, light and air. 1. Temperature: Cordyceps sinensis has relatively high temperature requirements. Generally, it is low and high first, but it is too low and slow to grow. It cannot be overly affected. The growth of mycelium is 12~18°C. The temperature is low and the growth is slow. With less bacteria, the survival rate is high. Generally frozen at minus 40 °C, but died above 32 °C, 20 ~ 25 °C in the late growth stage requires favorable growth. 2. Humidity: Humidity management is the key to the growth and development of Cordyceps sinensis. The nutrition and humidity of the insect body can basically meet its growth requirements. It does not require external nutrition and humidity. Only the external objects can keep the humidity of the insect itself not easy to dry, so keep the moisture of the sand at any time. It is advisable that the water content be up to 60%. If it is dry, it can spray a small amount of clean water to keep it moist. 3, light: Cordyceps sinensis cultivation does not require strong light, to avoid light as well, the late development of the sub-seat to scatter light is better, but can not let the sun direct sunlight, especially outdoor cultivation should use the shade forest, artificial shade shed , Grass lotus cover and other ways shade. 4, air: Cordyceps sinensis mycelium growth stage is not important to the air, the sub-seat is about to be uncovered when the plastic film should be peeled off, increase the air, to Lizizi growth, and maintain air relative humidity of 75 to 95%, after unearthed 10- 20 days to mature.
Fourth, harvesting and processing In natural conditions, Cordyceps sinensis growth period is generally 9 months, if the cultivation in September-November this year from May to June next year can grow out of the seat, but also in the indoor 3-4 months cultivation, the year 9 -In October, the child grows faster and slower, determining the nature of the variety and the temperature of the environment. Cordyceps sinensis maturing standards are 3-5cm high when the child seats are excavated, and the top of the child can be harvested by developing the "cap nib" of the fruit. Harvesting method: Use bamboo and wood to gently open the sand, pick out Cordyceps sinensis, and put it in the basket. Be careful not to break the body and sub-seat, and do not plan to cut the body or sub-seat. Rinse the sediment with water and dry it in the sun or dry it in time. Preservation: Cordyceps sinensis is prone to dampness and must be fully dried. Immediately after drying, it is sealed in a plastic bag or bottle to protect it from moisture.
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