I. Selection of biogas pool sites and earth excavation
The climate in the south is warm, and the issue of frozen ground in winter can basically not be considered. However, in order to make the digester durable and ensure quality, the choice of the site is still an important link.
1. Follow the “three-in-one†principle to build toilets, pig houses, and biogas pools together in a place close to the gas point.
2. It is best to keep the biogas digester away from trees and bamboo. When it is impossible to avoid it, the tree and bamboo root should be cut off, and the incision should be painted with lime to prevent the root system from invading the pool and causing leaks.
3, should choose a solid soil, low groundwater level, the land (pool) surface no load vehicles through the place to build pool.
4. If it is difficult to find a place to build a pool, it is also a good idea to build a biogas tank in a pig house.
Before the excavation of the foundation of the pool foundation, the position shall be determined according to the construction drawings, the center of the pool foundation shall be set and a center-cone pile shall be made, and a circular excavation line of the pool foundation shall be drawn. In case of loose soil, the excavation slope should be increased. Divide the upper part of the pool wall (upper hemisphere) first, then dig the bottom of the pool (lower hemisphere) according to the drawings. When digging pool foundations, disturb the original soil as little as possible. The excavated earth should be transported away from or piled away from the pool base to prevent collapse of earth pit walls and damage to the construction personnel.
Second, the selection of mechanics and the preparation of materials for building pools
The quality of the biogas digesters is determined to a great extent by the technicians and technicians. The skilled technicians are skilled in craftsmanship. While ensuring quality, they also save time and money. Therefore, Jianchi households must choose biogas technicians who have been specially trained to build a pool qualification certificate through practice departments, have proven to be able to build biogas digesters, and require technicians to fulfill the three-pack commitments of the construction pool, package quality, and package installation and maintenance.
The main materials for the construction of biogas digesters are sand, gravel, red brick, cement, a small amount of rebar, a gas guide tube, and a section of PVC feed pipe.
Third, the selection of biogas tank type and the determination of the volume
The pool type of the biogas tank must be combined with safety and convenience. The types of pools commonly promoted in the city are cylindrical (pillar) and ellipsoidal hydraulic biogas digesters. Both types of tanks should be designed according to the principles of "three combinations", "circular, small, shallow", movable covers, straight pipe feeding, convenient discharge, and capping. This is the basic prototype of GB (National Standard) 4750-4752-84.
The volume size should be based on the number of fermentation raw materials (pig), and it is more scientific to determine the amount of gas. According to the theoretical calculations and the actual situation in our city, the volume of 1 cubic meter fermentation tank can generally digest the total excretion of 1.5 pigs per cubic meter. Michelin's daily production of biogas can satisfy one person's daily energy use.
IV. Acceptance of new biogas digesters
The most significant feature of the quality of biogas digesters is that they do not leak water and leak water. After the completion of the biogas digester and installation of air guides, barometers, and switches, it can be checked whether the biogas digesters are intact. One is to inject clean water from the feed inlet (injection volume is more than 50% of the main pool). After 5 hours, note the height of the water level. After 24 hours, the water level will no longer drop or fall, indicating that the biogas digester does not leak water. The second is to check for leaks on the basis of no leakage. Turn off the switch on the biogas airway and continue to inject fresh water from the feed port. When the air pressure in the tank increases to 30-50cmH2O, stop adding water. Record the scale of the water column. After observing 24 hours, the water column on the barometer does not drop or only drop. Within 2 centimeters, it means that the gas box of the tank is basically airtight, and the quality can be put into use.
Fifth, the processing method of fermentation raw materials
Biogas fermentation raw materials are the material basis for the production of biogas. The type and quantity of raw materials are closely related to the amount of gas production.
Biogas fermentation raw materials For rural areas, humans, livestock, poultry, silkworm excrement, and organic waste water (starch, bean product wastewater) are the best, because the raw material particles are small and can easily degrade the contact bacteria species, and can be entered directly from the feed inlet. In-pool fermentation; when the raw material for feces is insufficient, when grass or straw is to be added, pre-processing of stacking and chopping is required. After the pre-treated water-absorbing raw material enters the pool, it can contact with the bacteria and does not float to the liquid surface. If the straw material floats on the liquid surface, it will be difficult to be fully degraded to produce biogas.
Six, to produce more biogas must have the following four most basic conditions
1, the concentration of fermentation broth. Experiments have shown that 1-30% of dry matter concentration can produce biogas. Only the proper concentration can give full play to the maximum utilization of the effective volume of the biogas digester. It is generally believed that the concentration in summer is 5-7%, and in winter more than 10% can normally produce gas. The concentration of pigs and dairy cows' urine into the pool is exactly 5-7%.
2, the pool temperature. The temperature of biogas fermentation can be carried out within a relatively large range. It is generally believed that biogas can be produced in the range of 4-65°C. The higher the temperature, the higher the gas production. The rural household biogas digesters are naturally temperature-fermented, and the temperature in the tank is about 15-28°C. Therefore, keeping the temperature in the tank as high as possible and being basically constant is the key to equalizing gas production and producing more gas.
3, pH (PH value). The optimum pH for biogas fermentation is neutral, ie 6.5-7.5. Biogas digesters in normal gas production will naturally balance. However, when the material enters into raw materials or chicken manure, it will become acidic. At this point, the application of straw ash, lime water diluted with water from the feed inlet by adding stirring to adjust the PH value.
4, to maintain the fermentation tank enough effective volume. The biogas tank design charge accounts for approximately 85-90% of the tank capacity (10-15% of the space is reserved for gas chambers). With the increase of fermentation time, there will be sludge precipitation in the fermentation tank, and the upper layer of the feed liquid will slowly generate scum crust. This phenomenon will continue to squeeze the effective volume of the fermentation tank and reduce the time for new raw materials to stay in the pool. "Gait diarrhea" leads to a decrease in the utilization of raw materials and a decrease in the total amount of gas production Therefore, when scum crusts and sediments were found to be numerous, it was necessary to break the shells and clear slag, and large refueling clearing ponds in order to maintain the original designed fermentation tank capacity and to meet the normal gas production requirements.
Seven measures to increase the rate of biogas production in biogas digesters in winter
1. The concentration of fermentation broth should be increased from 5-7% in summer to more than 10%.
2. It is advisable to flush the feed from the pighouse at a high temperature in the afternoon and try to reduce the sharp drop in the temperature of the material at the feed inlet by more than 5°C.
3, the material inlet and outlet cover. Strong winds cool and cover the surface of the pool with straw.
In addition, the biogas tank built in the pig house is also conducive to heat preservation to increase gas production.
VIII. Using biogas scientifically to increase utilization
Raising the utilization rate of biogas is related to the entire biogas transmission and distribution system, furnaces, lamps, etc.
1. The diameter of the gas transmission pipeline should not be too small. Use an internal diameter of 8-10 mm according to the distance to meet the gas demand. Accumulation of condensed water in the pipeline is not allowed. Downgrading can be used to return the condensate back to the pool or install a water collection bottle (device).
2. Biogas desulfurizers should be installed on the front of the biogas appliances. The desulfurization can reduce corrosion of corrosive gases on lamps, stoves, and water heaters and prolong service life.
3, choose brand stoves, lights and water heaters to improve thermal efficiency.
4, balanced with gas. Use air early in the morning, use as much gas as possible, use air later in the evening, try to run out of gas, keep the pressure in the pool relatively balanced, and produce biogas in the evening to store in the air chamber (to avoid run-flat).
9. Safe use of biogas to prevent accidents
The biogas digester is a closed container with no air circulation and lack of oxygen. Biogas is an inflammable and explosive gas. When the methane concentration in biogas reaches 30%, people can be anesthetized. When the concentration reaches 70%, people can suffocate and die. Carbon dioxide is also a suffocating gas. Therefore, in the use of biogas and maintenance of biogas digesters must pay great attention to the popularization of scientific knowledge, to prevent the occurrence of security accidents.
1. The inlet and outlet must be covered to prevent children and livestock from falling into the bowl. At the same time it can also reduce the loss of ammonia nitrogen volatilization.
2. When the concentrated discharge liquid is used, the “negative pressure†in the pool is likely to occur, causing the crack of the pool cover to collapse.
3. It is forbidden to check the ignition of the discharge port of the biogas tank or the gas pipe nozzle so as to avoid causing fire or tempering, resulting in violent expansion of the gas in the pool and explosion of the pool.
4. For biogas digesters that have been filled with material or require cleaning of slag, the person must first open the movable cover before entering the pool, drain the feed liquid from the discharge outlet to the lower end of the inlet and outlet, and send the fan (fan) from the feed pipe to the pool. The air will change until the biogas is replaced. The maintenance staff then fastened the seat belts, and under the care of others, the pool was inspected and repaired to prevent poisoning accidents.
5, the family uses biogas, the switch should be installed in the height of children can not reach, to prevent children indiscriminate switch leakage of biogas; use the first ignition to open the switch; desulfurizer should be installed to reduce the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the furnace, lamps and corrosive effect.
6. In the event of a collapse in a biogas digester, do not avoid the rescue of the next pool. First of all, you should think of ways to ventilate the pool. Excluding the biogas in the pool can not be used for smoking. Otherwise, it can easily lead to a series of people poisoning asphyxiation accidents.
The climate in the south is warm, and the issue of frozen ground in winter can basically not be considered. However, in order to make the digester durable and ensure quality, the choice of the site is still an important link.
1. Follow the “three-in-one†principle to build toilets, pig houses, and biogas pools together in a place close to the gas point.
2. It is best to keep the biogas digester away from trees and bamboo. When it is impossible to avoid it, the tree and bamboo root should be cut off, and the incision should be painted with lime to prevent the root system from invading the pool and causing leaks.
3, should choose a solid soil, low groundwater level, the land (pool) surface no load vehicles through the place to build pool.
4. If it is difficult to find a place to build a pool, it is also a good idea to build a biogas tank in a pig house.
Before the excavation of the foundation of the pool foundation, the position shall be determined according to the construction drawings, the center of the pool foundation shall be set and a center-cone pile shall be made, and a circular excavation line of the pool foundation shall be drawn. In case of loose soil, the excavation slope should be increased. Divide the upper part of the pool wall (upper hemisphere) first, then dig the bottom of the pool (lower hemisphere) according to the drawings. When digging pool foundations, disturb the original soil as little as possible. The excavated earth should be transported away from or piled away from the pool base to prevent collapse of earth pit walls and damage to the construction personnel.
Second, the selection of mechanics and the preparation of materials for building pools
The quality of the biogas digesters is determined to a great extent by the technicians and technicians. The skilled technicians are skilled in craftsmanship. While ensuring quality, they also save time and money. Therefore, Jianchi households must choose biogas technicians who have been specially trained to build a pool qualification certificate through practice departments, have proven to be able to build biogas digesters, and require technicians to fulfill the three-pack commitments of the construction pool, package quality, and package installation and maintenance.
The main materials for the construction of biogas digesters are sand, gravel, red brick, cement, a small amount of rebar, a gas guide tube, and a section of PVC feed pipe.
Third, the selection of biogas tank type and the determination of the volume
The pool type of the biogas tank must be combined with safety and convenience. The types of pools commonly promoted in the city are cylindrical (pillar) and ellipsoidal hydraulic biogas digesters. Both types of tanks should be designed according to the principles of "three combinations", "circular, small, shallow", movable covers, straight pipe feeding, convenient discharge, and capping. This is the basic prototype of GB (National Standard) 4750-4752-84.
The volume size should be based on the number of fermentation raw materials (pig), and it is more scientific to determine the amount of gas. According to the theoretical calculations and the actual situation in our city, the volume of 1 cubic meter fermentation tank can generally digest the total excretion of 1.5 pigs per cubic meter. Michelin's daily production of biogas can satisfy one person's daily energy use.
IV. Acceptance of new biogas digesters
The most significant feature of the quality of biogas digesters is that they do not leak water and leak water. After the completion of the biogas digester and installation of air guides, barometers, and switches, it can be checked whether the biogas digesters are intact. One is to inject clean water from the feed inlet (injection volume is more than 50% of the main pool). After 5 hours, note the height of the water level. After 24 hours, the water level will no longer drop or fall, indicating that the biogas digester does not leak water. The second is to check for leaks on the basis of no leakage. Turn off the switch on the biogas airway and continue to inject fresh water from the feed port. When the air pressure in the tank increases to 30-50cmH2O, stop adding water. Record the scale of the water column. After observing 24 hours, the water column on the barometer does not drop or only drop. Within 2 centimeters, it means that the gas box of the tank is basically airtight, and the quality can be put into use.
Fifth, the processing method of fermentation raw materials
Biogas fermentation raw materials are the material basis for the production of biogas. The type and quantity of raw materials are closely related to the amount of gas production.
Biogas fermentation raw materials For rural areas, humans, livestock, poultry, silkworm excrement, and organic waste water (starch, bean product wastewater) are the best, because the raw material particles are small and can easily degrade the contact bacteria species, and can be entered directly from the feed inlet. In-pool fermentation; when the raw material for feces is insufficient, when grass or straw is to be added, pre-processing of stacking and chopping is required. After the pre-treated water-absorbing raw material enters the pool, it can contact with the bacteria and does not float to the liquid surface. If the straw material floats on the liquid surface, it will be difficult to be fully degraded to produce biogas.
Six, to produce more biogas must have the following four most basic conditions
1, the concentration of fermentation broth. Experiments have shown that 1-30% of dry matter concentration can produce biogas. Only the proper concentration can give full play to the maximum utilization of the effective volume of the biogas digester. It is generally believed that the concentration in summer is 5-7%, and in winter more than 10% can normally produce gas. The concentration of pigs and dairy cows' urine into the pool is exactly 5-7%.
2, the pool temperature. The temperature of biogas fermentation can be carried out within a relatively large range. It is generally believed that biogas can be produced in the range of 4-65°C. The higher the temperature, the higher the gas production. The rural household biogas digesters are naturally temperature-fermented, and the temperature in the tank is about 15-28°C. Therefore, keeping the temperature in the tank as high as possible and being basically constant is the key to equalizing gas production and producing more gas.
3, pH (PH value). The optimum pH for biogas fermentation is neutral, ie 6.5-7.5. Biogas digesters in normal gas production will naturally balance. However, when the material enters into raw materials or chicken manure, it will become acidic. At this point, the application of straw ash, lime water diluted with water from the feed inlet by adding stirring to adjust the PH value.
4, to maintain the fermentation tank enough effective volume. The biogas tank design charge accounts for approximately 85-90% of the tank capacity (10-15% of the space is reserved for gas chambers). With the increase of fermentation time, there will be sludge precipitation in the fermentation tank, and the upper layer of the feed liquid will slowly generate scum crust. This phenomenon will continue to squeeze the effective volume of the fermentation tank and reduce the time for new raw materials to stay in the pool. "Gait diarrhea" leads to a decrease in the utilization of raw materials and a decrease in the total amount of gas production Therefore, when scum crusts and sediments were found to be numerous, it was necessary to break the shells and clear slag, and large refueling clearing ponds in order to maintain the original designed fermentation tank capacity and to meet the normal gas production requirements.
Seven measures to increase the rate of biogas production in biogas digesters in winter
1. The concentration of fermentation broth should be increased from 5-7% in summer to more than 10%.
2. It is advisable to flush the feed from the pighouse at a high temperature in the afternoon and try to reduce the sharp drop in the temperature of the material at the feed inlet by more than 5°C.
3, the material inlet and outlet cover. Strong winds cool and cover the surface of the pool with straw.
In addition, the biogas tank built in the pig house is also conducive to heat preservation to increase gas production.
VIII. Using biogas scientifically to increase utilization
Raising the utilization rate of biogas is related to the entire biogas transmission and distribution system, furnaces, lamps, etc.
1. The diameter of the gas transmission pipeline should not be too small. Use an internal diameter of 8-10 mm according to the distance to meet the gas demand. Accumulation of condensed water in the pipeline is not allowed. Downgrading can be used to return the condensate back to the pool or install a water collection bottle (device).
2. Biogas desulfurizers should be installed on the front of the biogas appliances. The desulfurization can reduce corrosion of corrosive gases on lamps, stoves, and water heaters and prolong service life.
3, choose brand stoves, lights and water heaters to improve thermal efficiency.
4, balanced with gas. Use air early in the morning, use as much gas as possible, use air later in the evening, try to run out of gas, keep the pressure in the pool relatively balanced, and produce biogas in the evening to store in the air chamber (to avoid run-flat).
9. Safe use of biogas to prevent accidents
The biogas digester is a closed container with no air circulation and lack of oxygen. Biogas is an inflammable and explosive gas. When the methane concentration in biogas reaches 30%, people can be anesthetized. When the concentration reaches 70%, people can suffocate and die. Carbon dioxide is also a suffocating gas. Therefore, in the use of biogas and maintenance of biogas digesters must pay great attention to the popularization of scientific knowledge, to prevent the occurrence of security accidents.
1. The inlet and outlet must be covered to prevent children and livestock from falling into the bowl. At the same time it can also reduce the loss of ammonia nitrogen volatilization.
2. When the concentrated discharge liquid is used, the “negative pressure†in the pool is likely to occur, causing the crack of the pool cover to collapse.
3. It is forbidden to check the ignition of the discharge port of the biogas tank or the gas pipe nozzle so as to avoid causing fire or tempering, resulting in violent expansion of the gas in the pool and explosion of the pool.
4. For biogas digesters that have been filled with material or require cleaning of slag, the person must first open the movable cover before entering the pool, drain the feed liquid from the discharge outlet to the lower end of the inlet and outlet, and send the fan (fan) from the feed pipe to the pool. The air will change until the biogas is replaced. The maintenance staff then fastened the seat belts, and under the care of others, the pool was inspected and repaired to prevent poisoning accidents.
5, the family uses biogas, the switch should be installed in the height of children can not reach, to prevent children indiscriminate switch leakage of biogas; use the first ignition to open the switch; desulfurizer should be installed to reduce the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the furnace, lamps and corrosive effect.
6. In the event of a collapse in a biogas digester, do not avoid the rescue of the next pool. First of all, you should think of ways to ventilate the pool. Excluding the biogas in the pool can not be used for smoking. Otherwise, it can easily lead to a series of people poisoning asphyxiation accidents.
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