Physiological Changes of Chicken during Pre-production Stage
When the reproductive system rapidly develops at 18 weeks of age, the weight of the ovary is about 4 times at 10 weeks of age, but at 19 weeks and at 20 weeks of age it is 30 times and 48 times at 10 weeks of age, respectively. It shows that after 18 weeks of age, follicles on the ovary begin to grow rapidly and rapidly; at the same time, the fallopian tubes also quickly become thicker and longer, and their weight increases rapidly. Follicular growth and tubal development are greatly affected by light and feed protein.
Bone calcium deposition accelerates the increase in bone weight from 15 to 20 grams between 18 and 20 weeks of age, 4 to 5 grams of which is myelal calcium. It deposits approximately 10 days before the first egg is produced, which is induced by the estrogen secreted in the follicle. The calcium of the bone is one of the sources of calcium when the eggshell forms after sexual maturity. If you use too much, there will be problems such as calcium deficiency, cage chicken fatigue syndrome and so on.
The rapid increase in body weight began at 18 weeks of age and a period of rapid weight gain occurred. The weight gain was approximately 400 g within 4 weeks. The increase in body weight during this period is critical to the maintenance of the peak duration of the subsequent production of eggs. Failure to meet the criteria will affect the total egg production rate and total egg production.
The chickens are in a state of obvious physiological stress. During the pre-production stage, the chicken body undergoes a large physiological change, the growth and development of the reproductive system, the increase in the size of the liver and the increase in the synthesis function, the increase in weight, and the endocrine function. Changes are a stress for chickens, and their resistance will drop significantly. Therefore, this period is also vulnerable to disease.
Pre-production stage of feeding and management measures
In order to ensure the normal development of each system, reduce the adverse effects caused by physiological stress, laying a good foundation for the high stable production of chickens after the group, in the feeding and management should do the following work.
Eradication of diseased, weak, and remnants of chickens reared after a long period of bred, often there will be a small number of diseased chickens, weak chickens and disabled chickens. In order to improve the flock uniformity, pass rate and consistency of opening production, it is necessary to carry out group work in the pre-production stage to eliminate those chickens that have no hope of cure, weak chickens whose weight and population level are far from level, and lost production. Value of disabled chickens.
Inoculation and deworming In the pre-production stage, a thorough deworming work is required. For parasites parasitized on the body surface, parasites are sprayed with liquid medicine; parasites parasitized in the intestine are fed with feed and mixed herbs. At the same time, during the pre-production period of the flock, Newcastle disease is also required. The injection of the I seedlings prevents the outbreak of Newcastle disease after the chickens start production, resulting in economic losses in production.
In order to do a good job of cleaning and disinfecting chicken coops and their equipment in the pre-production stage, the maintenance, cleaning and disinfection of the coop must be done. For chicken houses that have raised chickens, the chicken manure adhered to walls, floors, and grids must be thoroughly washed with water. For chicken cage equipment, utensils, etc., on the basis of water cleaning, disinfectant should be sprayed with a disinfectant solution. After the house is dried, it is fumigated with formalin and potassium permanganate.
Timely switch to groups In order to allow chickens enough time to become familiar with and adapt to the new environment, reducing the impact of changes in the environment such as feed intake, egg production and other stress responses, the chickens should be transferred 1 week to 2 weeks before the start of production Egg laying house. The transfer group should be arranged in the evening. Grab the chicken and grasp the feet. Do not grab the neck and catch the wings. The movement should be light and rapid. In order to reduce the stress, antibiotics and multivitamins were added to the feed 3 days before and after the transfer, and appropriate amounts of electrolytes were added to drinking water. The temperature of the egg-laying sheds should be similar to that of the bred sheds. The gap between them should not be too large, and sufficient clean drinking water should be provided.
Adjustment of feed nutrition In order to adapt to the weight of chickens, the growth of the reproductive system and the deposition of bone calcium, it is required to use transitional materials during the transition period to 21 weeks of age, and appropriately increase the levels of protein, calcium, and vitamins in feed, requiring a protein content of 17%. , Metabolisable energy 11.75 MJ per kilogram, calcium 2%. At the same time do a good job in the gradual transition of feed. Because the chicken has a strong adaptability to feed in a certain period of time, if the feed suddenly changes, the stress response of the chicken can easily be induced, and in severe cases, various diseases can be induced. The specific method is: first 1/3 of the front material, 2/3 of the material after mixing, feeding 3 days to 4 days, and then feed the latter kind of feed.
Increasing lighting time Chickens are naturally illuminated during the breeding period. When the flock is transferred to the egg-laying house, artificial light is generally increased from the 19th week, and the increase is 30 minutes per week until the total light hours at the peak of the egg production is 16 hours per day. Since then neither increase nor shorten.
Provide suitable environmental conditions Summer temperature can best be controlled below 30°C, winter is above 10°C; indoor air is kept fresh, humidity is about 65%; adhere to hygiene management and disinfection.
The feeding method was fed 4 times a day. The first time the light started in the morning, the last time was about 2 hours before the light was stopped, and 1 time before and after noon. The feed was fed fully; the drinking water was sufficient and clean.
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